COVID-19

== Nomenclature ==
{{Main|COVID-19 naming}}

During the initial outbreak in [[Wuhan]], the virus and disease were commonly referred to as "coronavirus" and "Wuhan coronavirus",<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/01/24/799208865/a-second-u-s-case-of-wuhan-coronavirus-is-confirmed|title=2nd U.S. Case Of Wuhan Coronavirus Confirmed|publisher=NPR|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||vauthors=McNeil Jr DG |author-link=Donald McNeil Jr. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/02/health/coronavirus-pandemic-china.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202194034/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/02/health/coronavirus-pandemic-china.html |archive-date=2 February 2020 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Wuhan Coronavirus Looks Increasingly Like a Pandemic, Experts Say|date=2 February 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=4 April 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/05/asia/wuhan-coronavirus-update-death-toll-spike-intl-hnk/index.html|title=Wuhan coronavirus deaths spike again as outbreak shows no signs of slowing| vauthors = Griffiths J | publisher=CNN|access-date=4 April 2020 }}</ref> with the disease sometimes called "Wuhan pneumonia".<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||vauthors=Jiang S, Xia S, Ying T, Lu L |date=May 2020 |title=A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome |journal=Cellular & Molecular Immunology |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=554 |doi=10.1038/s41423-020-0372-4 |pmc=7091741 |pmid=32024976 |doi-access=free |title-link=doi}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||vauthors=Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, Xing F, Liu J, Yip CC, Poon RW, Tsoi HW, Lo SK, Chan KH, Poon VK, Chan WM, Ip JD, Cai JP, Cheng VC, Chen H, Hui CK, Yuen KY |date=February 2020 |title=A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster |journal=Lancet |volume=395 |issue=10223 |pages=514–523 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9 |pmc=7159286 |pmid=31986261 |doi-access=free |title-link=doi}}</ref> In the past, many diseases have been named after geographical locations, such as the [[Spanish flu]],<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||vauthors=Shablovsky S |date=September 2017 |title=The legacy of the Spanish flu |journal=Science |volume=357 |issue=6357 |pages=1245 |bibcode=2017Sci...357.1245S |doi=10.1126/science.aao4093 |issn=0036-8075 |doi-access=free |s2cid=44116811 |title-link=doi}}</ref> [[Middle East respiratory syndrome]], and [[Zika virus]].<ref name="Nature Stop">{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Stop the coronavirus stigma now |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01009-0 |access-date=16 April 2020 |journal=Nature |date=7 April 2020 |volume=580 |issue=7802 |pages=165 |doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01009-0|pmid=32265571 |bibcode=2020Natur.580..165. |s2cid=214809950}}</ref> In January 2020, the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommended 2019-nCoV<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov.pdf|title=Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report – 1|date=21 January 2020|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}</ref> and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200130-sitrep-10-ncov.pdf|title=Novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV) Situation Report – 10 |date=30 January 2020|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}</ref> as interim names for the virus and disease per 2015 guidance and international guidelines against using geographical locations or groups of people in disease and virus names to prevent [[social stigma]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Novel coronavirus named 'Covid-19': WHO |url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-named-covid-19-who |access-date=11 February 2020 |work=Today|location=Singapore |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200321085608/https://www.todayonline.com/world/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-named-covid-19-who |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="veconomist">{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The coronavirus spreads racism against – and among – ethnic Chinese |url=https://www.economist.com/china/2020/02/17/the-coronavirus-spreads-racism-against-and-among-ethnic-chinese |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=17 February 2020 |access-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217223902/https://www.economist.com/china/2020/02/17/the-coronavirus-spreads-racism-against-and-among-ethnic-chinese |archive-date=17 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite report||url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/163636/WHO_HSE_FOS_15.1_eng.pdf|title=World Health Organization Best Practices for the Naming of New Human Infectious Diseases |date=May 2015|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |hdl=10665/163636 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> The official names COVID‑19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020 with COVID-19 being shorthand for "coronavirus disease 2019".<ref name="WHO-naming">{{#invoke:cite web||url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it|title=Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228035651/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it|archive-date=28 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV) Situation Report – 22 |url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200211-sitrep-22-ncov.pdf |publisher=WHO |date=11 February 2020}}</ref> The WHO additionally uses "the COVID‑19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID‑19" in public communications.<ref name="WHO-naming" /><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||vauthors=Gover AR, Harper SB, Langton L |date=July 2020 |title=Anti-Asian Hate Crime During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Reproduction of Inequality |journal=American Journal of Criminal Justice |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=647–667 |doi=10.1007/s12103-020-09545-1 |pmc=7364747 |pmid=32837171}}</ref>