Boko Haram

==Name==
The organization's name has always been Group of the People of [[Sunnah]] for [[Dawah|Dawa]] and [[Jihad]] ({{lang-ar|جماعة أهل السنة للدعوة والجهاد|Jamā'atu Ahli is-Sunnah lid-Da'wati wal-Jihād|link=no}}).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2014/sc11410.doc.htm |title=Security Council Al-qaida Sanctions Committee Adds Boko Haram to its Sanctions List |publisher=UN Security Council |author=Department of Public Information • News and Media Division |location=New York |date=22 May 2014 |access-date=30 July 2014}}</ref> It was also known as the West African Province (''Wilayat Garb Ifrqiya''), and, after pledging allegiance to [[Islamic State]] in 2015, was briefly called Islamic State in West Africa (ISWA) or Islamic State's West African Province (ISWAP). The group fractured in 2016, however, and ISWAP and Boko Haram are now separate groups.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web |title=Boko Haram Nigerian Islamic group |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Boko-Haram |website=Britannica |access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref>

The name ''Boko Haram'' is usually translated as "[[Western world|Western]] education is forbidden". "Haram" is from the Arabic {{lang|ar|حَرَام}} (''[[ḥarām]]'', "forbidden") and the [[Hausa language|Hausa]] word ''boko'' (the first vowel is long, the second pronounced in a low tone), meaning "fake",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamji.com/tilde/tilde99.htm |title=Monday Discourse With Dr |publisher=Gamji.com |access-date=2016-05-21}}</ref><ref name="George Percy Bargery 1934">{{cite web |url=http://bargeryhausa.gotdns.com/ |title=Hausa-English dictionary |publisher=Lexilogos |author=George Percy Bargery |date=1934 |access-date=25 July 2014|author-link=George Percy Bargery }}</ref> which is used to refer to secular Western education.<ref name=boko>{{cite web |author1=Paul Newman |title=The Etymology of Hausa boko |url=http://megatchad.net/publications/Newman-2013-Etymology-of-Hausa-boko.pdf |website=www.megatchad.net |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427234827/http://www.megatchad.net/publications/Newman-2013-Etymology-of-Hausa-boko.pdf |archive-date=2014-04-27}}</ref>  In a 2009 statement they denounced that translation as the work of the "infidel media", claiming the true translation is "Western Civilization is forbidden", and that they are not "opposed to formal education coming from the West" but "believe in the supremacy of Islamic culture (not education)".<ref>"[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/08/boko-haram-ressurects-declares-total-jihad/ Boko Haram Resurrects, Declares Total Jihad]", ''Vanguard'', August 14, 2009,</ref><ref name="Thurston-2019-16">{{cite book |last1=Thurston |first1=Alexander |title=Search Results Boko Haram: The History of an African Jihadist Movement |date=2019 |publisher=Princeton University Press |page=16 |isbn=9780691197081 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KcmXDwAAQBAJ&dq=Wilayat+Gharb+Ifriqiyya&pg=PA17 |access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> Other translations in English include "Western influence is a sin",<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria committing 'war crimes' to defeat Boko Haram |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/nigeria-committing-war-crimes-to-defeat-boko-haram-9674775.html |website=www.independent.co.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819031535/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/nigeria-committing-war-crimes-to-defeat-boko-haram-9674775.html |archive-date=2014-08-19}}</ref> and "Westernization is sacrilege".<ref name=enc/> Until the death of its founder [[Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)|Mohammed Yusuf]], the group was also reportedly known as ''Yusifiyya''. Northern Nigerians have commonly dismissed Western education as ''ilimin boko'' ("fake education") and secular schools as ''makaranta boko'' ("fake school").<ref name="George Percy Bargery 1934"/><ref name=boko/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://cognoscenti.wbur.org/2014/05/09/nigeria-schoolgirls-kidnapping-william-f-s-miles |title=Breaking Down 'Boko Haram' |author=William F. S. Miles |date=9 May 2014 |publisher=cognoscenti |access-date=8 January 2015 |archive-date=8 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108131918/http://cognoscenti.wbur.org/2014/05/09/nigeria-schoolgirls-kidnapping-william-f-s-miles |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Dr. Aliyu U. Tilde">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamji.com/tilde/tilde99.htm |title=An in-house Survey into the Cultural Origins of Boko Haram Movement in Nigeria |author=Dr. Aliyu U. Tilde |access-date=24 July 2014}}</ref>