Associated Press

==History==
[[File:the associated press building in new york city.jpg|thumb|upright|Logo on the former AP building in New York City]]
{{Further|Telegraph in United States history#Newspaper users}}
The Associated Press was formed in May 1846 by five daily newspapers in [[New York City]] to share the cost of transmitting news of the [[Mexican–American War]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/15108618|title=Network effects|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=2018-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221035608/http://www.economist.com/node/15108618|archive-date=2018-02-21|url-status=live}}</ref> The venture was organized by [[Moses Yale Beach]] (1800–68), second publisher of ''[[The Sun (New York)|The Sun]]'', joined by the ''[[New York Herald]]'', the ''[[New York Courier and Enquirer]]'', ''[[The Journal of Commerce]]'', and the ''[[New York Evening Express]]''.<ref>Beach, Stanley, [https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/11/resources/850 Archives at Yale, Stanley Yale Beach papers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331233228/https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/11/resources/850 |date=March 31, 2023 }}, Number: GEN MSS 802, 1911-1948</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gilpress/2016/06/26/the-birth-of-atari-modern-computer-design-and-the-software-industry-this-week-in-tech-history/|title=The Birth of Atari, Modern Computer Design, And The Software Industry: This Week In Tech History|last=Press|first=Gil|work=Forbes|access-date=2018-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221040359/https://www.forbes.com/sites/gilpress/2016/06/26/the-birth-of-atari-modern-computer-design-and-the-software-industry-this-week-in-tech-history/|archive-date=2018-02-21|url-status=live}}</ref> Some historians<ref name=Tribune>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Us-kDH5LqHEC&q=tribune+associated+press+1849&pg=PA93|title=The Nation's Newsbrokers: The formative years, from pretelegraphs to 1865|last=Schwarzlose|first=Richard Allen|date=1989|publisher=Northwestern University Press|isbn=978-0-8101-0818-9|page=93|access-date=January 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124424/https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=Us-kDH5LqHEC&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q=tribune%20associated%20press%201849|archive-date=January 4, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> believe that the ''[[New-York Tribune]]'' joined at this time; documents show it was a member in 1849. ''[[The New York Times]]'' became a member in September 1851.

Initially known as the New York Associated Press (NYAP), the organization faced competition from the Western Associated Press (1862), which criticized its monopolistic news gathering and [[price setting]] practices. An investigation completed in 1892 by [[Victor Lawson]], editor and publisher of the ''[[Chicago Daily News]]'', revealed that several principals of the NYAP had entered into a secret agreement with United Press, a rival organization, to share NYAP news and the profits of reselling it. The revelations led to the demise of the NYAP and in December 1892, the Western Associated Press was incorporated in Illinois as the Associated Press. A 1900 [[Illinois Supreme Court]] decision (''Inter Ocean Publishing Co. v. Associated Press'') holding that the AP was a [[public utility]] and operating in [[restraint of trade]] resulted in the AP's move from Chicago to New York City, where corporation laws were more favorable to cooperatives.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNHHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA69|title=International News Agencies: A History|last=Palmer|first=Michael B.|date=2019|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-3-030-31177-3|page=69|access-date=3 June 2020|archive-date=March 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164823/https://books.google.com/books?id=fNHHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA69|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Melville Stone]], who had founded the ''[[Chicago Daily News]]'' in 1875, served as AP general manager from 1893 to 1921. The cooperative grew rapidly under the leadership of Kent Cooper, who served from 1925 to 1948 and who built up bureau staff in South America, Europe and (after [[World War II]]), the Middle East. He introduced the "telegraph typewriter" or teletypewriter into newsrooms in 1914.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022|reason=1914 is nine years before Cooper's term started}} In 1935, the AP launched the [[Wirephoto]] network, which allowed transmission of news photographs over leased private telephone lines on the day they were taken. This gave the AP a major advantage over other news media outlets. While the first network was only between New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, eventually the AP had its network across the whole United States.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rNoDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA392 |title=Wire That Photo |journal=Popular Mechanics |date=July 1937 |access-date=June 4, 2014}}</ref>

In 1945, the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] held in ''[[Associated Press v. United States]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/326/1/ |title=Associated PRess v. United States, 326 U.S. 1 (1945) |date=1945 |website=Justia |access-date=October 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505000929/https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/326/1/ |archive-date=May 5, 2022}}</ref> that the AP had been violating the [[Sherman Antitrust Act]] by prohibiting member newspapers from selling or providing news to nonmember organizations as well as making it very difficult for nonmember newspapers to join the AP.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/45/associated-press-v-united-states |title=Associated Press v. United States (1945) |last=Vile |first=John R |website=The First Amendment Encyclopedia |access-date=October 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526215914/https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/45/associated-press-v-united-states |archive-date=May 26, 2022}}</ref> The decision facilitated the growth of its main rival [[United Press International]], headed by [[Hugh Baillie]] from 1935 to 1955.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

The AP entered the broadcast field in 1941 when it began distributing news to radio stations; it created its own radio network in 1974. In 1994, it established APTV, a global video newsgathering agency. APTV merged with WorldWide Television News in 1998 to form [[Associated Press Television News|APTN]], which provides video to international broadcasters and websites. In 2004, the AP moved its headquarters from its long time home at [[50 Rockefeller Plaza]] to [[450 West 33rd Street]] in Manhattan. In 2019, AP had more than 240 bureaus globally.<ref name="bythenumbers2019">{{Cite web |title=AP by the numbers |website=Associated Press |date=2019 |access-date=10 September 2020 |url=https://www.ap.org/about/annual-report/2019/ap-by-the-numbers |archive-date=December 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214065039/https://www.ap.org/about/annual-report/2019/ap-by-the-numbers }}</ref> Its mission—"to gather with economy and efficiency an accurate and impartial report of the news"—has not changed since its founding, but digital technology has made the distribution of the AP news report an interactive endeavor between the AP and its 1,400 U.S. newspaper members as well as broadcasters, international subscribers, and online customers.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

The AP began diversifying its news gathering capabilities. By 2007 the AP was generating only about 30% of its revenue from United States newspapers, and by 2024, this had declined to 10%.<ref name=mcclatchy/> 37% came from the global broadcast customers, 15% from online ventures and 18% came from international newspapers and from photography.<ref>{{cite news |title=Down On The Wire |url=https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/13/media-newspapers-ap-biz-media-cx_lh_0214ap.html |quote=Last year, AP generated only about 30% of its revenue from U.S. newspapers. The rest came from global broadcast customers (37%), online ventures (15%) and other revenue sources, such as international clients and photography, (18%). Forbes.com is a customer of AP |work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=2009-04-09|date=2008-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331174432/http://www.forbes.com/2008/02/13/media-newspapers-ap-biz-media-cx_lh_0214ap.html |archive-date=31 March 2009 |url-status=live |first=Louis |last=Hau}}</ref>

In March 2024, [[Gannett]], the largest U.S. newspaper publisher as measured by total daily circulation, announced that effective March 25, 2024, it would no longer use content from the AP. A spokesperson for AP said that they were "shocked and disappointed" by this development.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Korach |first1=Natalie |title=USA Today Publisher Gannett to Drop Associated Press Content Across All Publications |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/usa-today-publisher-gannett-drop-172126799.html |access-date=March 19, 2024 |publisher=Yahoo News |date=March 19, 2024}}</ref> Newspaper chain [[McClatchy]] announced that it would also stop using some AP services. Gannett and McClatchy will both continue to use AP's election results data.<ref name=mcclatchy>{{cite news |last1=Mullin |first1=Benjamin |last2=Robertson |first2=Katie |title=Gannett and McClatchy Cut Back Relationship With A.P. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/19/business/media/gannett-mcclatchy-ap-associated-press.html |access-date=March 20, 2024 |work=New York Times |date=March 19, 2024}}</ref>

===Web resources===
The AP's multi-topic structure has resulted in web portals such as [[Yahoo!]] and [[MSN]] posting its articles, often relying on the AP as their first source for news coverage of breaking news items. This and the constant updating evolving stories require has had a major impact on the AP's public image and role, giving new credence to the AP's ongoing mission of having staff for covering every area of news fully and promptly. In 2007, Google announced that it was paying to receive AP content, to be displayed in [[Google News]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Google News Becomes A Publisher |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/showArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=PBT2QGMTUGF0AQSNDLOSKH0CJUNN2JVN?articleID=201803549&_requestid=555255 |quote='Because the Associated Press, Agence France-Presse, U.K. Press Association and the Canadian Press don't have a consumer Web site where they publish their content, they have not been able to benefit from the traffic that Google News drives to other publishers,' Josh Cohen, business product manager for Google News, explained in a blog post. |work=[[Information Week]] |date=August 31, 2007 |access-date=2008-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627154658/http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/showArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=PBT2QGMTUGF0AQSNDLOSKH0CJUNN2JVN?articleID=201803549&_requestid=555255 |archive-date=June 27, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> interrupted from late 2009 to mid-2010 due to a licensing dispute.<ref>{{cite news |title=Google Stops Hosting New AP Content |url=http://paidcontent.org/article/419-google-stops-hosting-new-ap-content |access-date=2010-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112081900/http://paidcontent.org/article/419-google-stops-hosting-new-ap-content |archive-date=12 January 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Google, AP reach deal for Google News content|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-30684_3-20015053-265.html|publisher=[[CNET]]|date=August 30, 2010|access-date=2012-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102200432/http://news.cnet.com/8301-30684_3-20015053-265.html|archive-date=January 2, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

A 2017 study by [[NewsWhip]] revealed that AP content was more engaged with on [[Facebook]] than content from any individual English-language publisher.<ref>{{Cite press release|url=https://www.ap.org/press-releases/2017/ap-content-drives-more-facebook-engagements-than-individual-publishers-in-june-july|title=AP content drives more Facebook engagements than individual publishers in June, July|publisher=Associated Press|access-date=2018-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407053939/https://www.ap.org/press-releases/2017/ap-content-drives-more-facebook-engagements-than-individual-publishers-in-june-july|archive-date=2018-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Timeline===
* 1849: The Harbor News Association opened the first [[news bureau]] outside the United States in [[Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]], to meet ships sailing from Europe before they reached dock in New York.
* 1876: [[Mark Kellogg (reporter)|Mark Kellogg]], a [[Stringer (journalism)|stringer]], was the first AP [[news correspondent]] to be killed while reporting the news, at the [[Battle of the Little Bighorn]].
* 1893: [[Melville E. Stone]] became the general manager of the reorganized the AP, a post he held until 1921. Under his leadership, the AP grew to be one of the world's most prominent news agencies.
* 1899: The AP used [[Guglielmo Marconi]]'s wireless [[Telegraphy|telegraph]] to cover the [[America's Cup]] yacht race off [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey|Sandy Hook]], [[New Jersey]], the first news test of the new technology.
* 1914: The AP introduced the [[teleprinter]], which transmitted directly to printers over telegraph wires. Eventually a worldwide network of 60-word-per-minute teleprinter machines is built.
* 1935: The AP initiated [[WirePhoto]], the world's first wire service for photographs. The first photograph to transfer over the network depicted an airplane crash in [[Morehouse, New York|Morehouse]], [[New York (state)|New York]], on [[New Year's Day]], 1935.
* 1938: The AP expanded new offices at [[50 Rockefeller Plaza]] (known as "50 Rock") under an agreement made as part of the [[construction of Rockefeller Center]] in New York City. The building would remain its headquarters for 66 years.<ref name="AP_PR">{{Cite press release|title=AP leaves 50 Rock for West 33rd Street Headquarters|website=Associated Press|date=2004-07-19|url=http://www.ap.org/pages/about/pressreleases/pr_071904.html|access-date=2009-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427134855/http://www.ap.org/pages/about/pressreleases/pr_071904.html|archive-date=2009-04-27|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1941: The AP expanded from print to radio broadcast news.
* {{anchor|Times Wide World Photo| Wide World Photo| Wide World News Photo Service}}1941: Wide World News Photo Service purchased from ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref name="NYT020116">{{cite news|author1=Rachel L. Swarns, Darcy Eveleigh and Damien Cave|title=Unpublished Black History|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/national/unpublished-black-history|access-date=February 1, 2016|work=The New York Times|date=February 1, 2016|quote=The Times's picture agency, Wide World News Photo Service, which had staff members in London, Berlin and elsewhere, was sold to The Associated Press in 1941.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201021932/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/national/unpublished-black-history|archive-date=February 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=WIDE WORLD, INC., SOLD TO THE A.P.; News Photo Service in Western Hemisphere Will Be Turned Over to New Owners Friday COOPER TELLS OF PLANS Purchase in Line With Policy of Accelerating Collection and Output of Pictures |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1941/07/26/archives/wide-world-inc-sold-to-the-ap-news-photo-service-in-western.html |access-date=30 April 2023 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |agency=Associated Press |date=26 July 1941 |archive-date=April 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430051853/https://www.nytimes.com/1941/07/26/archives/wide-world-inc-sold-to-the-ap-news-photo-service-in-western.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*1943: The AP sends [[Ruth Cowan Nash]] to cover the deployment of the [[Women's Army Corps|Women's Army Auxiliary Corps]] to [[Algeria]]. Nash is the first American woman war correspondent.<ref name="GOTOWAR">[https://niemanreports.org/articles/go-to-war-i-did-and-at-considerable-trouble/ "Go to War I Did, and at Considerable Trouble"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726104418/https://niemanreports.org/articles/go-to-war-i-did-and-at-considerable-trouble/ |date=July 26, 2020 }} Ramirez, Maria. Nieman Reports, Nieman Foundation at Harvard.</ref>
* 1945: AP [[war correspondent]] [[Joseph Morton (correspondent)|Joseph Morton]] was executed along with nine [[Office of Strategic Services|OSS]] men and four British [[Special Operations Executive|SOE]] agents by the Germans at [[Mauthausen concentration camp]]. Morton was the only [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] correspondent to be executed by the [[Axis Powers|Axis]] during [[World War II]]. That same year, AP [[Paris]] bureau chief [[Edward Kennedy (journalist)|Edward Kennedy]] defied an Allied headquarters [[news blackout]] to report [[Nazi Germany]]'s surrender, touching off a bitter episode that led to his eventual dismissal by the AP. Kennedy maintains that he reported only what German radio already had broadcast.
* 1951: AP war correspondent [[Prague]] bureau chief [[William N. Oatis]] was arrested for [[espionage]] by the Communist government of [[Czechoslovakia]]. He was not released until 1953.
* 1974: The AP launches the Associated Press Radio Network headquartered in Washington, D.C.
* 1994: The AP launches [[Associated Press Television News|APTV]], a global video news gathering agency, headquartered in London.
* 2004: The AP moves its headquarters from 50 Rock to 450 West 33rd Street, New York City.<ref name="AP_PR"/>
* 2006: The AP joins [[YouTube]].
* 2008: The AP launched AP Mobile (initially known as the AP Mobile News Network), a multimedia news portal that gives users news they can choose and provides anytime access to international, national and local news. The AP was the first to debut a dedicated iPhone application in June 2008 on stage at Apple's WWDC event. The app offered AP's own worldwide coverage of [[breaking news]], sports, entertainment, politics and business as well as content from more than 1,000 AP members and [[third-party source]]s.<ref name="anniversary">Associated Press (2009-05-21). [http://www.ap.org/pages/about/pressreleases/pr_052109a.html "AP Mobile rings in one-year anniversary"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219092206/http://www.ap.org/pages/about/pressreleases/pr_052109a.html |date=February 19, 2010 }}, ''AP'', Press Release.</ref>
*2008: The AP opens its Pyongyang bureau.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jean H. Lee|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/jean-h-lee|access-date=2021-11-13|publisher=Wilson Center|archive-date=November 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113234604/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/jean-h-lee|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2010: The AP launched multi-device World Cup Soccer Applications providing real-time news coverage of the 2010 World Cup on desktop, Apple and Android devices.
* 2010: AP earnings fall 65% from 2008 to just $8.8{{nbsp}}million. The AP also announced that it would have posted a loss of $4.4{{nbsp}}million had it not liquidated its German-language news service for $13.2{{nbsp}}million.<ref name="Media Post">{{cite web |title=Associated Press Reports Narrow 2009 Profit|publisher=Media Post|date=2010-04-30|url= http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlny/media_companies/associated_press_reports_narrowed_2009_profit_160099.asp|access-date=2010-04-30| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100504052734/http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlny/media_companies/associated_press_reports_narrowed_2009_profit_160099.asp| archive-date= 4 May 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
* 2011: AP revenue dropped $14.7{{nbsp}}million in 2010. 2010 revenue totaled $631{{nbsp}}million, a decline of 7% from the previous year. The AP rolled out price cuts designed to help newspapers and broadcasters cope with declining revenue.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=14 April 2011|title=AP loses $14.7M in 2010 as revenue falls 7 percent|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/ap-loses-147m-in-2010-as-revenue-falls-7-percent/|access-date=13 January 2021|website=The Seattle Times|archive-date=February 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226014337/https://www.seattletimes.com/business/ap-loses-147m-in-2010-as-revenue-falls-7-percent/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2012: [[Gary B. Pruitt]] succeeded [[Tom Curley]] to become president and CEO. Pruitt is the 13th leader of the AP in its 166-year history.<ref>{{cite news| title= Gary Pruitt, of McClatchy, to become new president and CEO of The Associated Press| url= http://www.ap.org/content/press-release/2012/gary-pruitt-of-mcclatchy-to-become-new-president-and-ceo-of-the-associated-press|agency= Associated Press| access-date= 14 December 2012| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121214084533/http://ap.org/Content/Press-Release/2012/Gary-Pruitt-of-McClatchy-to-become-new-president-and-CEO-of-The-Associated-Press| archive-date= 14 December 2012| url-status= live}}</ref>
* 2016: The AP Reports that income dropped to $1.6{{nbsp}}million from $183.6{{nbsp}}million in 2015. The 2015 profit figure was bolstered by a one-time, $165{{nbsp}}million tax benefit.<ref>{{cite news |title=Newspaper decline continues to weigh on AP earnings |url=https://www.ap.org/ap-in-the-news/2017/newspaper-decline-continues-to-weigh-on-ap-earnings |agency=Associated Press |publisher=Associated Press |access-date=2018-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718055350/https://www.ap.org/ap-in-the-news/2017/newspaper-decline-continues-to-weigh-on-ap-earnings |archive-date=2018-07-18 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 2017: The AP moved its headquarters to [[200 Liberty Street]], New York City.
* 2018: The AP unveiled AP Votecast to replace [[exit polls]] for the 2018 US midterm elections.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blog.ap.org/products-and-services/ap-votecast-debuts-tuesday |title=AP VoteCast debuts Tuesday |website=Associated Press Blog |last=Easton |first=Lauren |access-date=November 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109153234/https://blog.ap.org/products-and-services/ap-votecast-debuts-tuesday |archive-date=November 9, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>