Anti-Defamation League

== History ==

In its early decades, the ADL benefited from being among the few highly centralized Jewish community relations organizations alongside the American Jewish Committee and American Jewish Congress. This characteristic gave these three organizations greater influence on the national Jewish community at a time when most local congregations and organizations were splintered, with little outreach to the broader community. By the 1970s, decentralization yielded greater influence. By this point the ADL had succeeded in developing local branches, though the central office remained significant even in terms of local branch activities.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sklare |first1=Marshall |title=The Jewish Community in America |date=1974 |publisher=Behrman House |location=New York, New York |isbn=0874412048 |pages=88–89}}</ref>

=== Origins ===
The ADL was founded in late September 1913 by [[B'nai B'rith]], with [[Sigmund Livingston]] as its first leader.<ref name="ADLCharter">{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/who-we-are/our-mission|title=Our Mission|website=Anti-Defamation League|access-date=December 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030231725/https://www.adl.org/who-we-are/our-mission|archive-date=October 30, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Initially the league largely represented Midwestern and Southern Jews concerned with antagonistic portrayals of Jews in popular culture along with social and economic discrimination.<ref name=":11">{{Cite book |last=Dinnerstein |first=Leonard |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62319785 |title=Antisemitism in America |date=1995 |isbn=1-4237-3446-7 |location=New York |page=74 |oclc=62319785}}</ref> In 1913, Atlanta B'nai B'rith President [[Leo Frank]] was convicted of the murder of a 13-year-old employee at a factory where he was superintendent; historians today generally consider Frank to have been innocent.<ref name=":3" /> Jewish leadership viewed Frank as having been wrongly prosecuted and convicted because of local antisemitism and agitation by some of the local press.<ref>{{cite web |title=Leo Frank Case Leonard Dinnerstein |url=http://ia800300.us.archive.org/25/items/TheLeoFrankCaseByLeonardDinnerstein/leo-frank-case-leonard-dinnerstein.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> The role that prejudice played in Frank's conviction was mentioned by [[Adolf Kraus]] when he announced the creation of the ADL.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Excerpt of the Anti-Defamation League Founding Charter {{!}} ADL |url=https://www.adl.org/excerpt-anti-defamation-league-founding-charter |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=www.adl.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Moore |first=Deborah Dash |url=https://archive.org/details/bnaibrithch00moor/page/108 |title=B'nai B'rith and the Challenge of Ethnic Leadership |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-87395-480-8 |page=108 |author-link=Deborah Dash Moore}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Jerome A. Chanes |title=Jews in American Politics: Essays |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7425-0181-2 |editor1=Louis S |page=105 |chapter=Who Does What? |editor2=y Maisel |editor3=Ira N. Forman |editor4=Donald Altschiller |editor5=Charles Walker Bassett}}</ref> According to historians, ADL's early strategy would be to pressure newspapers, theaters, and other businesses seen as defaming or discriminating against Jews; proposed methods included boycotts and pressuring advertisers, and it also considered demanding prior reviews of theater productions for antisemitism.<ref name=":1">In a letter to Simon Wolf, [Louis] Marshall explained further that "this entire prosecution was set in motion by the yellow press of Georgia, which finally succeeded in forcing the police, from motives of self-protection, to frame-up this case. The remedy must be found. . .in Georgia, and the press." [...] Wertheimer's analysis reveals that the ADL proposed to deal with defamations on the stage by asking for the right to "inspect proposed performances before the staging of the same;" were this right to prior censorship refused, "patrons of the theater would be enlisted for active cooperation"--that is, the ADL would organize a boycott of the given theater. Similarly, the ADL would fight newspaper defamations by "protests to the editor, by correcting all defamations through subsequent articles upon the same subject matter," and, if this did not happen, the ADL would appeal "to the patrons and advertisers for cooperation." Here again, the ADL threatened financial pressure.{{cite book|last=Moore|first=Deborah Dash|author-link=Deborah Dash Moore|title=B'nai B'rith and the Challenge of Ethnic Leadership|year=1981|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-87395-480-8|page=108|url=https://archive.org/details/bnaibrithch00moor/page/108}}</ref> After Georgia's outgoing governor commuted Frank's death sentence to life imprisonment in 1915, a [[Lynching|lynch mob]] abducted Frank from prison and killed him.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2009-05-13 |title=The People Revisit Leo Frank |url=https://forward.com/culture/105936/the-people-revisit-leo-frank/ |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=The Forward |language=en}}</ref> Frank was granted a posthumous [[pardon]] from Georgia in 1986 after ADL requests.<ref name=":3" />

=== 1920s through 1960s ===
{{See also|Jews in the civil rights movement}}
The historian Leonard Dinnerstein writes that until after World War II, the ADL had limited impact, particularly less than the [[American Jewish Committee]] (AJC).<ref name=":11" /> One of the ADL's early campaigns occurred in the 1920s when it organized a media effort and consumer boycott against ''[[The Dearborn Independent]]'', a publication published by American automobile industrialist [[Henry Ford]]. The publication contained virulently antisemitic articles and quoted heavily from ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'', an antisemitic hoax. The ADL and allied organizations pressured Ford until he issued an apology in 1927.<ref name="Blakeslee">Blakeslee, Spencer (2000).''The Death of American Antisemitism''. Praeger/Greenwood. {{ISBN|0-275-96508-2}}, p. 83.</ref>

In 1933 the ADL moved offices to Chicago and Richard E. Gutstadt became director of national activities. With the change in leadership, the ADL shifted from Livingston's reactive responses to antisemitic action to a much more aggressive policy.<ref>{{cite news |last1=A. Goldman |first1=EricQ |title=Hollywood's Most Misunderstood and Forgotten Jewish Movie Returns |url=https://forward.com/culture/206197/hollywoods-most-misunderstood-and-forgotten-jewish/ |access-date=22 January 2022 |work=The Forward |date=September 23, 2014}}</ref>

During the 1930s, ADL, along with the AJC, coordinated American Jewish groups across the country in monitoring the activities of the [[German American Bund|German-American Bund]] and its pro-Nazi, nativist allies in the United States. In many instances, these community-based defense organizations paid informants to infiltrate these groups and report on what they discovered. The longest-lived and most effective of these American Jewish resistance organizations was the Los Angeles Jewish Community Committee (LAJCC), which was backed financially by the Jewish leaders of the motion picture industry. The day-to-day operations of the LAJCC were supervised by a Jewish attorney, [[Leon L. Lewis]]. Lewis was uniquely qualified to combat the rise of Nazism in Los Angeles, having served as the first national secretary of the Anti-Defamation League in Chicago from 1925 to 1931. From 1934 to 1941, the LAJCC maintained its undercover surveillance of the German-American Bund, the [[Silver Legion of America|Silver Shirts]] and dozens of other pro-Nazi, nativist groups that operated in Los Angeles. Partnering with the American Legion in Los Angeles, the LAJCC channeled eyewitness accounts of sedition on to federal authorities. Working with the ADL, Leon Lewis and the LAJCC played a strategic role in counseling the [[McCormack-Dickstein Committee]] investigation of Nazi propaganda activities in the United States (1934) and the Dies Committee investigation of "un-American activities" (1938–1940). In their final reports to Congress, both committees found that the sudden rise in political [[antisemitism in the United States]] during the decade was due, in part, to the German government's support of these domestic groups.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rosenzweig|first=Laura|url=https://nyupress.org/books/9781479855179/|title=Hollywood's Spies: The Undercover Surveillance of Nazis in Los Angeles|date=2017|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=9781479855179|location=New York|access-date=June 2, 2017|archive-date=August 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807022703/https://nyupress.org/books/9781479855179/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{cite book|last=Ross|first=Steven|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/hitler-in-los-angeles-9781620405642/|title=Hitler in Los Angeles: How Jews Foiled Nazi Plots Against Hollywood and America|date=2017|publisher=Bloomsbury|isbn=9781620405642|location=New York|access-date=May 6, 2018|archive-date=September 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921215252/https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/hitler-in-los-angeles-9781620405642/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Paralleling its infiltration efforts, the ADL continued its attempts to reduce antisemitic caricatures in the media. Much like the [[NAACP]], it chose a non-confrontational approach, attempting to build long-lasting relationships and avoid backlash. The ADL requested its members avoid public confrontation, instead directing them to send letters to the media and advertising companies that included antisemitic or racist references in screening copies of their books and movies. This strategy kept the campaigns out of the public eye and instead emphasized the development of a relationship with companies.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Greenberg |first1=Cheryl Lynn |title=Troubling the waters : Black-Jewish relations in the American century |date=2006 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |isbn=9780691058658 |pages=55–58}}</ref>

The ADL opposed [[red-baiting]] and [[McCarthyism]] in the 1950s.<ref name=":18" /> The ADL campaigned for [[Civil rights movement|civil rights]] legislation including the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] and the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]].<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Golembeski |first=Cynthia |date=2023-06-25 |title=Anti-Defamation League |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anti-Defamation-League |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== 1970s and 1980s ===
In 1973, [[Nathan Perlmutter]] took the role of national director, serving until his death in 1987.<ref name=JTAobit>{{cite news |title=Nathan Perlmutter, Author and ADL Director, Dead at 64 |url=https://www.jta.org/1987/07/14/archive/nathan-perlmutter-author-and-adl-director-dead-at-64 |work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=July 14, 1987 |access-date=June 16, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200109/https://www.jta.org/1987/07/14/archive/nathan-perlmutter-author-and-adl-director-dead-at-64 |url-status=live }}</ref> Under the tenure of Perlmutter and his 1978–1983 co-director of interreligious affairs [[Yechiel Eckstein]], the ADL shifted its approach to the evangelical Christian movement. Through the 60s and early 70s, the ADL had conflicted with the American Jewish Congress over their collaborations with evangelicals. Perlmutter and Eckstein changed this orientation, increasing collaborations and developing long-lasting lines of communication between the ADL and evangelical groups. This collaboration continued under the Foxman administration.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hummel |first1=Daniel G. |title=His Land and the Origins of the Jewish-Evangelical Israel Lobby |journal=Church History |date=December 2018 |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=1147–1150 |doi=10.1017/S0009640718002391|s2cid=166538830 }}</ref>

Since the 1970s, the ADL has partnered with the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) field offices, sharing information learned from the monitoring of extremist groups.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Michael|first=George|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5SOAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA167|title=Confronting Right Wing Extremism and Terrorism in the USA|date=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-37762-6|page=167
| volume=4
| series= Routledge Studies in Extremism and Democracy}}</ref>

In 1977 the ADL opened a headquarters in [[Jerusalem]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wall |first1=Harry |title=Op-ed {{!}} Appreciation: Arnold Forster, ADL leader and Israel advocate |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-Ed-Contributors/Appreciation-Arnold-Forster-ADL-leader-and-Israel-advocate |access-date=5 August 2021 |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=March 14, 2010}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=August 2021}}

It opposed an [[Anti-Mormonism|anti-Mormon]] film called ''[[The God Makers]]'' in 1982, viewing it a challenge to religious freedom.<ref name=":18" />

=== 1990s ===
The ADL released a 1991 report observing an increase in the use of public access television stations by extremist groups. The report came in the wake of the trial of [[Tom Metzger]], a white supremacist leader found guilty of inciting a murder via his public access TV station.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rosenkrantz |first1=H. Glenn |title=Hate Group Makes Hay On Public Access |url=https://ajrarchive.org/article.asp?id=2118 |work=American Journalism Review |issue=September 1991}}</ref>

San Francisco police searched two offices of the ADL in April 1993, suspecting it of having monitored thousands of activists; in the search, they confiscated police records including fingerprints and copies of confidential reports, according to court documents.<ref name=":22" /> The San Francisco district attorney considered indictments, but settled with the ADL in November 1993 in exchange for the ADL paying $75,000 for use fighting hate crimes.<ref name=":23" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Paddock |first=Richard C. |date=1993-11-16 |title=ADL to Avoid Prosecution in Spying Case |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-11-16-mn-57514-story.html |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> During the investigation, a private investigator hired by the ADL, Roy H. Bullock, told police he had tracked [[White power skinhead|skinheads]], white supremacists, [[Arab Americans]] and critics of Israel. He confessed to trying to find “any sexual impropriety” on the late anti-apartheid activist [[Desmond Tutu]].<ref name="tn111"/> In court documents, state officials said that the ADL conspired to obtain the confidential police material, a felony in California, and that the ADL had violated state tax laws by paying Bullock through a lawyer.<ref name=":22" /> The court documents said ADL had a network of sympathetic police officers sharing data, and that investigators had questioned police about free sponsored trips to Israel they received from the ADL. The documents also mentioned that the ADL's spying operations were reported to the Israeli government and its intelligence agencies.<ref name="tn111"/> The ADL's Foxman contended that the ADL had a right to use the police information to combat antisemitism, and he argued in an interview that allegations that the ADL acted as an agent for Israel were "antisemitic".<ref name=":22">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/10/19/jewish-groups-tactics-investigated/96daef6a-a325-4a8a-ba09-da211fc1ba8a/ |last=McGee |first=Jim |title=JEWISH GROUP'S TACTICS INVESTIGATED |date=19 October 1993 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>

News of the investigation led Arab Americans listed in the ADL's files to sue the ADL, contending invasion of privacy and the forwarding of confidential information to Israel and South Africa.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/10/19/jewish-groups-tactics-investigated/96daef6a-a325-4a8a-ba09-da211fc1ba8a/ |last=McGee |first=Jim |title=JEWISH GROUP'S TACTICS INVESTIGATED |date=19 October 1993 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>
In 1996, ADL settled the federal civil lawsuit filed by groups representing [[African Americans]] and [[Arab Americans]]. The ADL did not admit any wrongdoing but agreed to a restraining injunction barring it from obtaining information from state employees who cannot legally disclose such information.<ref name=":21" /> The ADL agreed to contribute $25,000 to a fund that funds inter-community relationship projects, and cover the plaintiffs' legal costs of $175,000.<ref name=":21">{{Cite web|last=Weinstein|first=Henry|date=1996-09-04|title=Anti-Defamation League Settles Lawsuit by Civil Rights Groups|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-09-04-mn-40507-story.html|access-date=2023-03-11|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Tugend |first=Tom |title=ADL to Pay $200,000 to Settle Suit Alleging Spying Activities |url=https://www.jta.org/1996/09/06/archive/adl-to-pay-200000-to-settle-suit-alleging-spying-activities |work=JTA Daily News Bulletin |publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=September 6, 1996 |access-date=January 28, 2019 |archive-date=January 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128140128/https://www.jta.org/1996/09/06/archive/adl-to-pay-200000-to-settle-suit-alleging-spying-activities |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1=David Singer |editor2=Ruth R. Seldin |title=American Jewish year book, 1998. Vol. 98 |date=1998 |publisher=American Jewish Committee |location=New York |pages=96–97 |isbn=0874951135 |url=http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/1998_4_USCivicPolitical.pdf#PAGE=23 |access-date=March 24, 2021 |archive-date=July 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721160851/http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/1998_4_USCivicPolitical.pdf#PAGE=23 |url-status=live }}</ref> It settled with three remaining plaintiffs in 2002 for $178,000.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web |last=Goldsmith |first=Aleza |date=2002-02-26 |title=ADL settles privacy lawsuit |url=https://www.jta.org/2002/02/26/lifestyle/adl-settles-privacy-lawsuit |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1994, ADL became embroiled in a dispute between neighbors in Denver, Colorado. One neighbor recorded private telephone conversations of the other on advice of the ADL after reporting antisemitic remarks to the ADL made by these neighbors heard via a police scanner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/13674/edition_id/264/format/html/displaystory.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510144644/http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/13674/edition_id/264/format/html/displaystory.html|archive-date=May 10, 2006|title=Judge fines ADL $10.5 million in Colorado defamation suit|website=Jewish News Weekly of Northern California|date=May 12, 2000|first=Chris|last=Leppek}}</ref> Neither the Aronsons nor ADL were aware that Congress had amended federal wiretap law which made it illegal to record conversations from a cordless telephone, to transcribe the material, and to use the transcriptions for any purpose. These recordings were used as basis for a federal civil lawsuit against the family, and ADL Regional Director Saul Rosenthal described the remarks as part of a "vicious antisemitic campaign". This led to the family being ridiculed and excluded in their community and to career damage.<ref>{{cite web|title=Quigley v. Rosenthall|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-10th-circuit/1360107.html|work=Findlaw|access-date=June 23, 2015|archive-date=June 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623150242/http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-10th-circuit/1360107.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lane|first1=George|title=Charges of bigotry backfire|url=http://extras.denverpost.com/news/news0429.htm|access-date=June 23, 2015|issue=April 29, 2000|newspaper=Denver Post|archive-date=June 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623145617/http://extras.denverpost.com/news/news0429.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> All charges against the couple were dropped in 2000 due to changes in federal wiretapping law making recording of cordless phone conversations illegal, a fact about which the ADL and the attorneys in the case were unaware. The jury awarded the couple $10 million in damages.<ref name=NYTdenver>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/13/us/privacy-rights-win-over-bias-charges-in-defamation-case.html | work=The New York Times | title=Privacy Rights Win Over Bias Charges In Defamation Case | date=May 13, 2000 | access-date=February 5, 2017 | archive-date=August 3, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803104909/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/13/us/privacy-rights-win-over-bias-charges-in-defamation-case.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

This was the first-ever verdict against the ADL. Only once before had the League been subject to a defamation trial, a case it won in 1984. Other cases were dismissed before reaching trial.<ref name=NYTdenver /> The ADL appealed the case to a superior court, which upheld the verdict, and the Supreme Court ultimately declined to take the case. The ADL paid the original $10 million plus interest in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |title=ADL Pays More Than $12 Million to Former Evergreen Couple |date=March 12, 2004 |newspaper=Rocky Mountain News |last=Abbott |first=Karen|url=http://www.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/local/article/0,1299,DRMN_15_2723185,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040316024351/http://www.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/local/article/0,1299,DRMN_15_2723185,00.html|archive-date=March 16, 2004}}</ref>

=== 2000s ===
In 2003, the ADL opposed an advertising campaign by [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]] (PETA) called "Holocaust on Your Plate" that compared animals killed in the meat industry to victims of the [[Holocaust]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2003/US/Northeast/02/28/peta.holocaust/|date=28 February 2003|publisher=CNN|title=Group blasts PETA 'Holocaust' project}}</ref> In 2005, PETA apologized for causing distress to the Jewish community through the campaign, though in 2008, the [[Chief Rabbinate]] announced that it was planning to gradually phase out the use of the "shackle and hoist" method of kosher slaughter in Israel and South America, in part in response to pressure from PETA.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/jewish-world/jewish-news/rabbinate-to-phase-out-shackle-and-hoist-animal-slaughter|title=Rabbinate to phase out 'shackle and hoist' animal slaughter. More humane method to be adopted following claims of cruelty|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=February 19, 2008|last=Wagner|first=Matthew|access-date=May 29, 2021|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213011/https://www.jpost.com/jewish-world/jewish-news/rabbinate-to-phase-out-shackle-and-hoist-animal-slaughter|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of 2007, the ADL said it was archiving MySpace pages associated with white supremacists as part of its effort to track extremism.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Spencer |first1=Jason |title=Found in (My)Space |url=https://ajrarchive.org/article.asp?id=4405&id=4405 |access-date=16 July 2021 |magazine=[[American Journalism Review]] |issue=October/November 2007}}</ref>

The ADL opposed [[2008 California Proposition 8]], a ballot successful initiative that banned same-sex marriage. It did so alongside Jewish organizations, including the National Council of Jewish Women and the Progressive Jewish Alliance.<ref name="orthodox">{{cite web|url=http://www.forward.com/articles/14106/|title=Orthodox Join Fight Against Gay Nuptials|work=[[The Forward]]| date=August 29, 2008 |access-date=September 19, 2008|archive-date=September 11, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911205150/http://www.forward.com/articles/14106/|url-status=live|first=Rebecca|last=Spence}}</ref> The ADL filed [[amicus brief]]s urging the [[Supreme Court of California]], [[Ninth Circuit]], and the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] to invalidate Prop 8.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://38.106.4.56/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentID=1228|title=BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE ET AL. IN SUPPORT OF RESPONDENTS|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307154233/http://38.106.4.56/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentID=1228|archive-date=March 7, 2013|access-date=November 1, 2013}}</ref> In 2015, the ADL opposed the [[State Religious Freedom Restoration Acts]], state laws that used the United States Supreme Court decision in [[Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.]] recognizing a for-profit corporation's claim of religious belief. The ADL opposed these laws out of concern they largely targeted LGBT people or denied access to contraceptives to employees of religiously owned businesses.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sokol |first1=Sam |title=ADL slams controversial 'religious freedom' laws in US |url=https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/ADL-slams-controversial-religious-freedom-laws-in-US-396007 |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=April 2, 2015 |access-date=March 29, 2020 |archive-date=March 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329163616/https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/ADL-slams-controversial-religious-freedom-laws-in-US-396007 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The ADL split from B'nai B'rith in 2009 and went independent, dropping the reference to the other organization in its name.<ref name=Amistad/>

=== 2010s ===
The ADL was one of the groups that opposed the ''[[Shelby County v. Holder]]'' decision by the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] in 2013 to strike down a portion of the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965|Voting Rights Act]]. The court's decision ended the portion of the law that required states with a history of discrimination to undergo federal scrutiny for election rules.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 26, 2013 |title=Jewish Groups Blast Top U.S. Court's Changes to Voting Rights Act |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2013-06-26/ty-article/u-s-jews-blast-voting-rights-ruling/0000017f-e343-df7c-a5ff-e37b6bfe0000 |access-date=2023-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Zipken |first=Romy |date=June 26, 2013 |title=Jewish Groups Respond Voting Rights Act Decision |work=Tablet |url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/jewish-groups-respond-voting-rights-act-decision}}</ref>

In November 2014, the organization announced that [[Jonathan Greenblatt]], a former Silicon Valley tech executive and former [[Obama administration]] official who had not operated within the Jewish communal organization world prior to his hiring, would succeed [[Abraham Foxman]] as national director in July 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=White House aide Jonathan Greenblatt to succeed Abe Foxman as ADL chief |first=	Uriel |last=Heilman |url=http://www.jta.org/2014/11/06/news-opinion/united-states/white-house-aide-to-succeed-abe-foxman-as-adl-chief-1 |work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=November 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823093306/https://www.jta.org/2014/11/06/news-opinion/united-states/white-house-aide-to-succeed-abe-foxman-as-adl-chief-1 |archive-date=August 23, 2018}}</ref> Foxman had served as national director since 1987. The ADL board of directors renewed Greenblatt's contract as CEO and national director in fall 2020 for a second five-year term. The national chair of the governing board of directors is Esta Gordon Epstein; elected in late 2018 for a three-year term, she is the second woman to hold the organization's top volunteer leadership post.<ref>{{Cite press release|date=November 8, 2018|title=Longtime ADL Boston Leader Esta Gordon Named Chair of Organization's National Board|url=https://newengland.adl.org/news/longtime-adl-boston-leader-esta-epstein-named-chair-of-organizations-national-board/|access-date=March 29, 2020|archive-date=March 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329170318/https://newengland.adl.org/news/longtime-adl-boston-leader-esta-epstein-named-chair-of-organizations-national-board/|url-status=live|website=ADL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=November 29, 2018|title=Esta Epstein named chair of ADL's Board of Directors|url=https://jewishjournal.org/2018/11/29/esta-epstein-named-chair-of-adls-board-of-directors/|access-date=March 23, 2021|website=Jewish Journal|language=en-US|archive-date=July 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712222131/https://jewishjournal.org/2018/11/29/esta-epstein-named-chair-of-adls-board-of-directors/|url-status=live}}</ref>

ADL repeatedly accused [[Donald Trump]], when he was a presidential candidate in 2016, of making use of antisemitic tropes or otherwise exploiting divisive and bigoted rhetoric during the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election campaign]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-campaign-fires-back-at-adl-over-ad-criticized-for-anti-semitic-tones/|title=Trump campaign fires back at ADL over ad criticized for anti-Semitic tones|last=Cortelless|first=Eric|date=November 7, 2016|website=The Times of Israel|access-date=April 22, 2020|archive-date=July 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726054838/https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-campaign-fires-back-at-adl-over-ad-criticized-for-anti-semitic-tones/|url-status=live}}</ref> The ADL accused President Trump of politicizing charges of antisemitism for partisan purposes,<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2019/08/21/jonathan-greenblatt-trump-tweet-jewish-democrats-disloyal-nr-sot-vpx.cnn|work=CNN|title=ADL CEO: Jews are not political props for partisan gain|date=August 21, 2019|access-date=April 22, 2020|archive-date=July 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712222222/https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2019/08/21/jonathan-greenblatt-trump-tweet-jewish-democrats-disloyal-nr-sot-vpx.cnn|url-status=live}}</ref> and for continued use of antisemitic tropes.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jewish-leaders-trump-disloyalty_n_5d5d4d04e4b0aa0b840cb80d|title=Jewish Leaders Blast Trump's Accusations Of 'Disloyalty'|last=Kuruvilla|first=Carol|date=August 21, 2019|website=HuffPost|access-date=April 22, 2020|archive-date=February 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214010518/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jewish-leaders-trump-disloyalty_n_5d5d4d04e4b0aa0b840cb80d|url-status=live}}</ref>

In mid-2018, ADL raised concerns over President Donald Trump's nomination of then-DC Circuit Court of Appeals judge [[Brett Kavanaugh]] as an Associate Justice of the [[Supreme Court of the United States|United States Supreme Court]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/jewish-groups-slam-trump-s-supreme-court-nominee-kavanaugh-1.6264823|title=Jewish Groups Slam Trump's Supreme Court Nominee Kavanaugh|newspaper=Haaretz|date=July 10, 2018|access-date=April 15, 2020|archive-date=May 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524141327/https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/jewish-groups-slam-trump-s-supreme-court-nominee-kavanaugh-1.6264823|url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Subsequently, in another move that enraged many on the right, ADL called for the resignation or firing of [[Trump administration]] official [[Stephen Miller (political advisor)|Stephen Miller]], the architect of the administration's immigration policy, on the basis of his association with white supremacists.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jewish-groups-stephen-miller-resign-white-nationalist_n_5dd69935e4b0e29d72800575?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly91cy5zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAG5GoJ0dtOkPudr5tkzXMWY-wRmtd1nHDOfZ1c7WOW3gYQKtSQgDjZaIXDUnko0UMrEJVEYUXG3jMWrrsrV52jBKycFPCh7lje-saS6lbR17o5_4ikE4B7PIIACorUKfLxJXapH0BueU1WTMTER8dUqZKRH2Ep2TZ2Y83nmA0kDE|title=Jewish Groups Demand Stephen Miller Resign From White House|last=Mathias|first=Christopher|date=November 21, 2019|website=HuffPost|access-date=March 29, 2020|archive-date=July 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726063407/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jewish-groups-stephen-miller-resign-white-nationalist_n_5dd69935e4b0e29d72800575?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly91cy5zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAG5GoJ0dtOkPudr5tkzXMWY-wRmtd1nHDOfZ1c7WOW3gYQKtSQgDjZaIXDUnko0UMrEJVEYUXG3jMWrrsrV52jBKycFPCh7lje-saS6lbR17o5_4ikE4B7PIIACorUKfLxJXapH0BueU1WTMTER8dUqZKRH2Ep2TZ2Y83nmA0kDE|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Jewish-groups-again-call-for-Stephen-Miller-to-quit-614202|title=Jewish groups again call for Stephen Miller to quit|last=Kampeas|first=Ron|author-link=Ron Kampeas|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=January 15, 2020|access-date=April 15, 2020|archive-date=April 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422045428/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/jewish-groups-again-call-for-stephen-miller-to-quit-614202|url-status=live}}</ref>

The ADL says it has participated in [[YouTube]]'s Trusted Flagger program and has encouraged YouTube to remove videos that they flag as hate speech, citing the need to "fight against terrorist use of online resources and cyberhate."<ref>{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Kerstein|url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2019/06/05/adl-praises-youtube-for-decision-to-remove-racist-extremist-content/|title=ADL Praises YouTube for Decision to Remove Racist, Extremist Content|website=Algemeiner|date=June 5, 2019|access-date=October 3, 2019|archive-date=October 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003210923/https://www.algemeiner.com/2019/06/05/adl-praises-youtube-for-decision-to-remove-racist-extremist-content/|url-status=live}}</ref> The ADL's Center on Technology and Society launched a survey in 2019 exploring online harassment in video games. It found that the majority of surveyed players experienced severe harassment of some kind, and the ADL recommended increased content moderation from game companies and governments. On the other hand, the survey found that over half of players experienced some form of positive community in video games. A separate, earlier survey of the general population found that around a third of people have experienced some form of online harassment.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Dean|work=Venturebeat|last=Takahashi|url=https://venturebeat.com/2019/07/25/anti-defamation-league-65-of-gamers-have-experienced-severe-harassment-in-online-games/|title=Anti-Defamation League: 65% of gamers have suffered severe harassment online|date=July 26, 2019|access-date=March 28, 2020|archive-date=July 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726053839/https://venturebeat.com/2019/07/25/anti-defamation-league-65-of-gamers-have-experienced-severe-harassment-in-online-games/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2017, ADL announced that they would be developing profiles on 36 [[alt-right]] and [[alt-lite]] leaders.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/adl-releases-whos-who-guide-of-alt-right-and-alt-lite-extremists/|first=Eric|last=Cortellessa|date=July 18, 2017|title=ADL releases 'Who's Who' guide of alt-right and alt-lite extremists|work=The Times of Israel|access-date=July 19, 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=July 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718233451/http://www.timesofisrael.com/adl-releases-whos-who-guide-of-alt-right-and-alt-lite-extremists/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/education/resources/backgrounders/from-alt-right-to-alt-lite-naming-the-hate|title=Backgrounder: From Alt Right to Alt Lite: Naming the Hate|website=Anti-Defamation League|language=en|access-date=July 19, 2017|archive-date=October 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024230932/https://www.adl.org/education/resources/backgrounders/from-alt-right-to-alt-lite-naming-the-hate|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019 and 2020 ADL executives and staff testified multiple times in front of Congressional committees concerning the dangers of right-wing domestic extremists.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hershenov |first=Eileen |date=April 25, 2019 |title=I Testified at a Congressional Hearing on White Nationalism. Here's Some of What I Wish We Had Discussed. |url=https://www.adl.org/blog/i-testified-at-a-congressional-hearing-on-white-nationalism-heres-some-of-what-i-wish-we-had |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726063407/https://www.adl.org/blog/i-testified-at-a-congressional-hearing-on-white-nationalism-heres-some-of-what-i-wish-we-had |archive-date=July 26, 2020 |access-date=March 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cortellessa |first=Eric |date=January 16, 2020 |title=ADL tells Congress to curb online hate speech if social media giants won't |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/adl-tells-congress-to-curb-online-hate-speech-if-social-media-giants-wont/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402094655/https://www.timesofisrael.com/adl-tells-congress-to-curb-online-hate-speech-if-social-media-giants-wont/ |archive-date=April 2, 2020 |access-date=March 28, 2020 |work=Times of Israel}}</ref> In a report from 2018, the ADL noted that the majority of domestic extremist-related murders in the United States over the past decade had been committed by white supremacists.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 20, 2018 |title=New Hate and Old: The Changing Face of American White Supremacy |url=https://www.adl.org/resources/report/new-hate-and-old-changing-face-american-white-supremacy |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.adl.org}}</ref> In a 2023 report, white supremacists were also deemed responsible for 45% of right-wing extremism in the US from 2017-2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Right-Wing Extremist Terrorism in the United States |url=https://www.adl.org/resources/report/right-wing-extremist-terrorism-united-states |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.adl.org}}</ref>

=== 2020s ===

In 2020, ADL joined with the [[NAACP]], [[Color of Change]], [[League of United Latin American Citizens|LULAC]], [[Free Press (organization)|Free Press]], the [[National Hispanic Media Coalition]] and other organizations in the [[Stop Hate For Profit]] campaign.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=September 18, 2020|title=Stop Hate for Profit|url=https://www.stophateforprofit.org/|access-date=October 10, 2020|website=StopHateForProfit.org|archive-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617204533/https://www.stophateforprofit.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> The campaign targeted online hate on Facebook, with over 1000 businesses pausing their ad buys on Facebook for a month. Subsequently, in September 2020, the campaign organized celebrity supporters including [[Sacha Baron Cohen]], [[Kim Kardashian]], and [[Mark Ruffalo]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Oster|first=Marcy|date=September 16, 2020|title=Sacha Baron Cohen freezes Instagram to protest hate speech on Facebook|url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/sacha-baron-cohen-freezes-instagram-to-protest-hate-speech-on-facebook-642436|website=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-date=October 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011033416/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/sacha-baron-cohen-freezes-instagram-to-protest-hate-speech-on-facebook-642436|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Byers |first=Dylan |date=2020-09-15 |title=Kim Kardashian West, other celebrities to freeze Facebook and Instagram accounts in protest |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/kim-kardashian-west-other-celebrities-freeze-facebook-instagram-accounts-protest-n1240156 |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>

In 2020, the ADL trained staff to edit Wikipedia pages, but after the project caused Wikipedia editors to criticize this as a [[Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia|conflict of interest]], the ADL said it suspended the project in April 2021. The ADL is considered a [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable source]] on Wikipedia, and the ADL said its staff complied with Wikipedia policies by disclosing their affiliations, but some Wikipedia editors objected that the project cited ADL sources disproportionately and did not reflect the volunteer spirit of the website, especially in heavily editing its own Wikipedia article.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rosenfeld |first1=Arno |title=ADL may have violated Wikipedia rules — editing its own entries |url=https://forward.com/news/467423/adl-may-have-violated-wikipedia-rules-editing-its-own-entries/ |website=Forward |date=April 9, 2021 |access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref>

In early January 2021, the ADL called for the removal of Donald Trump as president in response to the [[2021 storming of the United States Capitol|storming of the United States Capitol]] and described the relationship of the storming of the Capitol to the far-right and antisemitic groups.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kampeas|first=Ron|date=January 9, 2021|title=Anti-Defamation League calls for Trump's removal from the presidency|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/anti-defamation-league-calls-for-trumps-removal-from-the-presidency-654799|access-date=January 16, 2021|website=Jerusalem Post|archive-date=January 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119072305/https://www.jpost.com/international/anti-defamation-league-calls-for-trumps-removal-from-the-presidency-654799|url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2021, Jonathan Greenblatt released a letter calling on the right-wing American network [[Fox News]] to drop commentator [[Tucker Carlson]] from its lineup, saying that Carlson had espoused the [[white genocide conspiracy theory]] on his show.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Benveniste |first1=Alexis |title=Anti-Defamation League CEO: Fox needs to rethink its entire primetime lineup |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/11/media/adl-ceo-fox-news-lineup/index.html |access-date=April 25, 2021 |work=CNN |date=April 11, 2021 |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425154248/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/11/media/adl-ceo-fox-news-lineup/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Tucker">{{cite news |last1=Cameron |first1=Chris |title=The Anti-Defamation League calls for Tucker Carlson to be fired over 'replacement theory' remarks. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/09/us/tucker-carlson-adl-replacement-theory.html |work=The New York Times |date=April 9, 2021 |access-date=April 25, 2021 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423193219/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/09/us/tucker-carlson-adl-replacement-theory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This call appeared shortly after research indicating that many who participated in the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol had been influenced by this conspiracy theory.<ref name=Tucker /> The ADL again called for Carlson to be fired in September 2021 following Carlson expressing support for the great replacement theory.<ref name=":10">{{cite news |last1=Pengelly |first1=Martin |title=Fresh calls for Fox News to fire Tucker Carlson over 'replacement theory' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/sep/25/tucker-carlson-fox-news-anti-defamation-league |access-date=22 October 2021 |work=The Guardian |date=September 25, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Carlson responded, saying "Fuck them" regarding the ADL, describing the ADL's call as politically motivated and defending his statements.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Schwartz |first1=Ian |title=Tucker Carlson Responds To Condemnation From Anti-Defamation League: "F*ck Them" |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2021/09/24/tucker_carlson_responds_to_condemnation_from_anti-defamation_league_fuck_them.html |access-date=22 October 2021 |work=RealClearPolitics |date=September 24, 2021}}</ref> In 2023, Fox dropped Carlson, a move welcomed by ADL leadership.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lapin |first1=Andrew |title=ADL cheers Tucker Carlson's ouster at Fox News, where he had long embraced white nationalist rhetoric |url=https://www.jta.org/2023/04/24/united-states/adl-cheers-tucker-carlsons-ouster-at-fox-news-where-he-had-long-embraced-white-nationalist-rhetoric |work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=April 24, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bidgood |first1=Jess |title=Tucker Carlson's hold on the GOP and role in the disinformation business isn't going anywhere |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/other/tucker-carlson-s-hold-on-the-gop-and-role-in-the-disinformation-business-isn-t-going-anywhere/ar-AA1ahVmM |work=Boston Globe |date=April 24, 2023 |via=MSN}}</ref>

In November 2022, ADL acquired JLens, a pro-Israel advocacy group started in 2012 which campaigns against incentives for economic disengagement with Israel in [[environmental, social, and corporate governance]] (ESG) investing guidelines. JLens publishes company rankings based on participation in boycotts of Israel and publishes guidelines on investing used by around 30 Jewish companies with portfolios totaling around $200 million. JLens launched a campaign criticizing [[Morningstar, Inc.]]), a campaign the ADL collaborated on prior to the 2020 acquisition. The ADL said it would contribute funding to JLens.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Elia-Shalev |first1=Asaf |title=Anti-Defamation League acquires Jewish investment watchdog to fight threats to Israel on Wall Street |url=https://www.jta.org/2022/11/10/united-states/anti-defamation-league-muscles-up-to-fight-threats-to-israel-on-wall-street |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |access-date=9 January 2023 |date=10 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Shalev |first1=Asaf |title=A new BDS battlefront emerges in investing world, with spotlight on Morningstar |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/a-new-bds-battlefront-emerges-in-investing-world-with-spotlight-on-morningstar/ |website=Times of Israel |agency=JTA |access-date=9 January 2023 |date=9 February 2022}}</ref>

The ADL tracked rapid growth in hate speech and harassment on [[Twitter]] after [[Elon Musk]] bought the social network in 2022.<ref name=":19" /><ref name=":20" /> In early September 2023, Musk liked and replied to a tweet by the Irish white nationalist Keith Woods that called for banning the ADL from X, which was Twitter's new name under Musk.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Dwoskin |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Oremus |first2=Will |date=2023-09-14 |title=Musk expected to meet with Netanyahu as antisemitism controversy rages |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/09/14/musk-antisemitism-x-twitter-adl-netanyahu/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jason |date=2023-11-21 |title=Rightwing personalities use X to bring antisemitic theories to light in US |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/nov/21/great-replacement-theory-antisemitism-racism-rightwing-mainstream |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite web|last=Kampeas|first=Ron|date=September 4, 2023|title=Elon Musk is amplifying a self-declared antisemite's call to ban the ADL from X|url=https://www.jta.org/2023/09/03/politics/elon-musk-is-amplifying-a-self-declared-antisemites-call-to-ban-the-adl-from-x|access-date=September 4, 2023|website=Jewish Telegraph Agence}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Novak |first=Matt |title=Elon Musk Promotes Campaign To Ban ADL While Agreeing With 'Raging Anti-Semite' |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mattnovak/2023/09/04/elon-musk-promotes-campaign-to-ban-adl-while-agreeing-with-raging-anti-semite/ |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Algemeiner |first=The |date=2023-09-04 |title=Musk Fuels White Supremacist 'Ban the ADL' Campaign on Social Media - Algemeiner.com |url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2023/09/04/musk-fuels-white-supremacist-ban-adl-campaign-social-media/ |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=www.algemeiner.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Musk also accused the ADL of defamation and threatened to sue it, writing that advertising revenue was "still down 60%, primarily due to pressure on advertisers by @ADL (that’s what advertisers tell us), so they almost succeeded in killing X/Twitter!" The ADL said as matter of policy it did not comment on legal threats, but that it had recently met with X leadership including CEO [[Linda Yaccarino]], who had thanked the ADL's CEO on the platform.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |last=Valinsky |first=Jordan |date=2023-09-05 |title=Elon Musk blames the ADL for 60% ad sales decline at X, threatens to sue {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/05/tech/elon-musk-adl-lawsuit/index.html |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Greenblatt later praised Musk after he announced policy banning phrases such as "[[decolonization]]" and "[[from the river to the sea]]" on Twitter.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lanard |first=Noah |title=Days after he endorsed an antisemitic tweet, the ADL praises Elon Musk's clampdown on Palestinian speech. |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2023/11/elon-musk-river-sea-antidefamation-league/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Heer |first=Jeet |date=2023-11-20 |title=Why the Anti-Defamation League Loves Certain Bigots |language=en-US |work=[[The Nation]] |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/society/anti-defamation-league-musk-israel/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |issn=0027-8378}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Musk: Terms Such as 'Decolonization' and 'From the River to the Sea' Will Result in Suspension From X |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/2023-11-18/ty-article/musk-decolonization-and-from-the-river-to-the-sea-will-result-in-suspension-from-x/0000018b-e2ce-dffa-adef-e6ce41b40000 |access-date=2023-11-20}}</ref> The head of the ADL's Center for Technology and Society (CTS), Yael Eisenstat, reportedly quit in protest of the praise of Musk.<ref name="JC11">{{cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=Top Executive Leaves ADL Over CEO's Praise of Elon Musk |url=https://jewishcurrents.org/top-executive-leaves-adl-over-ceos-praise-of-elon-musk |accessdate=5 January 2024 |work=Jewish Currents}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 December 2023 |title=At Leading Anti-Hate Group, Boss's Embrace of Elon Musk Raises Tensions |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxjkzm/adl-elon-musk-controversy |accessdate=5 January 2024 |work=Vice}}</ref>
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Description	What you type	What you get
Reference	Page text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>	Page text.^[1]
Named reference	Page text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>	Page text.^[2]
Additional use of the same reference	Page text.<ref name="test" />	Page text.^[2]
Display references	<references />	↑ Link text, additional text. ↑ Link text