Empire Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Early Modern period=== {{Multiple image | perrow = 2 | header = Early Modern Empires | header_background = #f8eaba | image1 = Islamic_Gunpowder_Empires.jpg | caption1 = The three Muslim [[Gunpowder empires]]: [[Mughals]], [[Safavids]], and [[Ottoman Turks|Ottomans]] in 18th century | image2 = Ming Empire cca 1580 (en).svg | caption2 = The [[Ming Empire]] of China in 1550 }} The Islamic [[gunpowder empires]] started to develop from the 15th century.{{Sfn|Khan|2005|page=54}} In the [[Indian subcontinent]], the [[Delhi Sultanate]] conquered most of the Indian peninsula and spread [[Islam]] across it. It later disintegrated with the establishment of the [[Bengal Sultanate|Bengal]], [[Gujarat Sultanate |Gujarat]], and [[Bahmani Sultanate]]. In the 16th century, the [[Mughal Empire]] was founded by [[Timur]] and [[Genghis Khan]]'s direct descendant [[Babur]]. His successors such [[Humayun]], [[Akbar]], [[Jahangir]] and [[Shah Jahan]] extended the empire. In the 17th century, [[Aurangzeb]] expanded the [[Mughal Empire]], controlling most of the [[South Asia]] through [[Sharia]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Roy |title=Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State |date=2010 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-95036-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chapra |first=Muhammad Umer |title=Morality and Justice in Islamic Economics and Finance |date=2014 |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |isbn=978-1-78347-572-8 |pages=62–63 |language=en}}</ref> which became the world's largest economy and leading manufacturing power with a nominal GDP that valued a quarter of world GDP, superior than the combination of [[Europe]]'s GDP.<ref name="Parthasarathi38">{{Citation |title=Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not: Global Economic Divergence, 1600–1850 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_YEcvo-jqcC&pg=PA38 |pages=39–45 |year=2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-49889-0 |given=Prasannan |surname=Parthasarathi}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com">[[Angus Maddison|Maddison, Angus]] (2003): ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rHJGz3HiJbcC&pg=PA259 Development Centre Studies The World Economy Historical Statistics: Historical Statistics]'', [[OECD Publishing]], {{ISBN|92-64-10414-3}}, pages 259–261</ref> It has been estimated that the Mughal emperors controlled an unprecedented one-fourth of the world's entire economy and was home to one-fourth of the world's population at the time.<ref name="harrison">{{Cite book |last=[[Lawrence Harrison (academic)|Lawrence E. Harrison]], [[Peter L. Berger]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RB0oAQAAIAAJ |title=Developing cultures: case studies |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-95279-8 |page=158}}</ref> After the death of Aurangzeb, which marks the end of the medieval India and the beginning of European invasion in India, the empire was weakened by [[Nader Shah]]'s invasion.<ref name="Browne">{{Cite web |title=An Outline of the History of Persia During the Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722–1922) |url=http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=90001014&ct=33 |access-date=2010-09-24 |website=Edward G. Browne |publisher=Packard Humanities Institute |location=London |page=33 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052417/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=90001014&ct=33 }}</ref> The [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Empire]] was soon established by [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]], who allied with [[Napoleon Bonaparte]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldfarb |first=Michael |date=18 March 2007 |title=Napoleon, the Jews and French Muslims |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/18/opinion/18iht-edgoldfarb.4943373.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 June 2015|title=Voltaire, Rousseau and Napoleon on Prophet Muhammad|url=http://www.ihistory.co/enlightened-french-disbelievers-on-prophet-muhammad/|access-date=31 May 2019|archive-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328230931/http://www.ihistory.co/enlightened-french-disbelievers-on-prophet-muhammad/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bonaparte and Islam · Liberty, Equality, Fraternity |url=http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/exhibits/show/liberty--equality--fraternity/item/2938 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528112838/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/exhibits/show/liberty--equality--fraternity/item/2938 |archive-date=2019-05-28 |access-date=2019-05-31}}</ref> Other independent empires were also established, such as those ruled by the [[Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad|Nawabs of Bengal]]<ref name="hassanalimirza2">{{Cite web |last=Murshidabad.net |date=8 May 2012 |title=Hassan Ali Mirza's succession |url=http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-hassan-ali.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802033722/http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-hassan-ali.htm |archive-date=2 August 2012 |access-date=10 August 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> and [[Nizam of Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ian Copland |title=A History of State and Religion in India |last2=Ian Mabbett |last3=Asim Roy |last4=Kate Brittlebank |last5=Adam Bowles |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |page=161 |display-authors=3}}</ref> In the pre-Columbian Americas, two Empires were prominent—the [[Aztec]]a in Mesoamerica and [[Inca]] in Peru. Both existed for several generations before the arrival of the Europeans. Inca had gradually conquered the whole of the settled Andean world as far south as today Santiago in Chile. In [[Oceania]], the [[Tu'i Tonga Empire|Tonga Empire]] was a lonely empire that existed from the [[Late Middle Ages]] to the Modern period.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thomson |first=Basil |date=January 1901 |title=Note Upon the Natives of Savage Island, or Niue |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1840765 |journal=The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |volume=31 |pages=137–145 |doi=10.2307/2842790 |jstor=2842790}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). 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