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Do not fill this in! ==References== {{citation style|date=January 2024}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist|30em}} ===Works cited=== ====Printed sources==== {{lacking ISBN|date=January 2024}} {{refbegin|}} <!-- A --> * {{cite book |last=Albrile |first=Ezio |year=2005 |chapter=Gnosticism: History of Study |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=Lindsay |title=MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religion |publisher=MacMillan}} <!-- B --> * {{cite book |last1=Barnstone |first1=Willis |last2=Meyer |first2=Marvin |title=The Gnostic Bible: Revised and Expanded Edition |publisher=Shambhala Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-834-82414-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/gnosticbible0000unse |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last=Bauer |first=Walter |author-link=Walter Bauer |title=Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity |publisher=Fortress |isbn=978-0-8006-1363-1 |year=1979}} * {{cite book |last=Brakke |first=David |year=2012 |title=The Gnostics: Myth, Ritual, and Diversity in Early Christianity |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674262331}} * {{cite book |last=Broek |first=Roelof van den |author-link=Roel van den Broek |year=1996 |title=Studies in Gnosticism and Alexandrian Christianity}}{{full citation needed|date=January 2024}} * {{cite book |last=Broek |first=Roelof van den |year=2013 |title=Gnostic Religion in Antiquity |publisher=Cambridge University Press}} * {{cite book |last=Buckley |first=Jorunn Jacobsen |year=2010 |chapter=Turning the Tables on Jesus: The Mandaean View |editor-last1=Horsley |editor-first1=Richard |title=Christian Origins |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1451416640 |pages=94–111 |place=Minneapolis, Minnesota}} <!-- C --> * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Joseph |title=Occidental Mythology |publisher=Penguin Arkana |year=1991}} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Henry |last=Chadwick |date=n.d. |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity/Early-heretical-movements |title=Early heretical movements |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=13 February 2023 |language=en}} * {{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Arthur A. |last2=Mendes-Flohr |first2=Paul |year=2010 |title=20th Century Jewish Religious Thought}}{{full citation needed|date=January 2024}} * {{cite conference |last=Conze |first=Edward |year=1967 |chapter=Buddhism and Gnosis |editor-last=Bianchi |editor-first=U. |title=Origins of Gnosticism: Colloquium of Messina, 13–18 April 1966}} * {{cite journal |last=Conze |first=Edward |year=1975 |title=Buddhist prajna and Greek Sophia |journal=Religion |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=160–167 |doi=10.1016/0048-721X(75)90017-2}} <!-- D --> * {{cite news |last=Deutsch |first=Nathaniel |date=6 October 2007 |title=Save the Gnostics |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/06/opinion/06deutsch.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=25 November 2021}} * {{cite book |last=Dillon |first=Matthew J. |pages=23–38 |year=2016 |chapter=Gnosticism Theorized: Major Trends and Approaches to the Study of Gnosticism |editor-last=DeConick |editor-first=April D. |title=Religion: Secret Religion |publisher=MacMillan Reference US |chapter-url=https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:34031/}} * {{cite book |last=Dunderberg |first=Ismo |year=2008 |title=Beyond gnosticism: myth, lifestyle, and society in the school of Valentinus |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]}} * {{cite book |last=Dunn |first=James D. G. |year=2016 |chapter='The Apostle of the Heretics': Paul, Valentinus, and Marcion |editor-last1=Porter |editor-first1=Stanley E. |editor-last2=Yoon |editor-first2=David |title=Paul and Gnosis |pages=105–118 |publisher=Brill |doi=10.1163/9789004316690_008 |isbn =978-90-04-31669-0}} <!-- E --> * {{cite book |last=Ehrman |first=Bart D. |year=2003 |title =Lost Christianities |publisher=Oxford University Press}} <!-- F --> * {{cite book |last1=Freke |first1=Timothy |last2=Gandy |first2=Peter |title=De mysterieuze Jezus. Was Jezus oorspronkelijk een heidense god? |publisher=Uitgeverij Synthese |year=2005 |language=nl}} <!-- G --> * {{cite book |last=Green |first=Henry |title=Economic and Social Origins of Gnosticism|publisher=Scholars Press |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-89130-843-0}} <!-- H --> * {{cite book |last=Haar |first=Stephen |year=2012 |title=Simon Magus: The First Gnostic? |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=978-3110898828}} * {{cite book |last=Halsall |first=Guy |year=2008 |author-link=Guy Halsall |title=Barbarian migrations and the Roman West |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-43491-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Harari |first=Yuval Noah |title=Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind |publisher=Penguin Random House UK |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-09-959008-8 |location=London |translator-last=Harari |translator-first=Yuval Noah |oclc=910498369 |author-link=Yuval Noah Harari |translator-last2=Purcell |translator-first2=John |translator-last3=Watzman |translator-first3=Haim |translator-link3=Haim Watzman}} * {{cite book |last=Huidekoper |first=Frederic |year=1891 |title=Judaism at Rome: BC 76 to AD 140 |publisher=D. G. Francis}} <!-- J --> * {{cite book |first=Hans |last=Jonas |title=The Gnostic Religion |publisher=Beacon Press |year=1963 |isbn=0-8070-5799-1 |orig-year=1958}} <!-- K --> * {{cite book |last=King |first=Karen L. |author-link=Karen Leigh King |year=2003 |title=What is Gnosticism? |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |oclc=51481684 |isbn=978-0-674-01071-0}} <!-- L --> * {{cite journal |last=Lahe |first=Jaan |title=Ist die Gnosis aus dem Christentum Ableitbar? Eine Kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Einem Ursprungsmodell der Gnosis |year=2006 |journal=Trames |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=220–231 |doi=10.3176/tr.2006.3.02 |s2cid=169297876 |doi-access=free |language=de}} * {{cite book |author-link=Bentley Layton |last=Layton |first=Bentley |title=The Gnostic Scriptures |place=London |publisher=SCM Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-334-02022-6}} * {{cite book |last=Layton |first=Bentley |editor1-first=L. Michael |editor1-last=White |editor2-first=O. Larry |editor2-last=Yarbrough |editor1-link=L. Michael White |chapter=Prolegomena to the study of ancient gnosticism |title=The Social World of the First Christians: Essays in Honor of Wayne A. Meeks |publisher=Fortress Press |place=Minneapolis |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8006-2585-6}} <!-- M --> * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Magris |first=Aldo |year=2005 |title=Gnosticism: Gnosticism from its origins to the Middle Ages (further considerations) |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=Lindsay |encyclopedia=Macmillan Encyclopedia of Religion |edition=2nd |location=New York |publisher=[[Macmillan Inc.]] |pages=3515–3516 |isbn=978-0028657332 |oclc=56057973}} * {{cite book |last=Markschies |first=Christoph |title=Gnosis: An Introduction |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-567-08945-8 |translator=John Bowden}} * {{cite journal |last=McVey |first=Kathleen |title=Gnosticism, Feminism, and Elaine Pagels |journal=Theology Today |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=498–501 |year=1981 |doi=10.1177/004057368103700411 |s2cid=170277327}} * {{cite book |last=Mead |first=G. R. S. |title=Fragments of a Faith Forgotten |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-4179-8413-8}} * {{cite book |first=Herbert Christian |last=Merillat |year=1997 |chapter=Buddhism and Gnosticism |chapter-url=http://gnosis.org/thomasbook/ch22.html |title=The Gnostic Apostle Thomas: "Twin" of Jesus |via=gnosis.org |access-date=13 February 2023}} <!-- N --> * {{cite book |first=Tilman |last=Nagel |title=Geschichte der islamischen Theologie: von Mohammed bis zur Gegenwart |publisher=C. H. Beck |year=1994 |isbn=978-3-406-37981-9 |language=de}} <!-- P --> * {{cite book |last=Pagels |first=Elaine |author-link=Elaine Pagels |year=1975 |title=The Gnostic Paul: Gnostic Exegesis of the Pauline Letters |isbn=978-1-56338-039-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/gnosticpaulgnost00page |url-access=registration |publisher=Trinity Press International}} * {{cite book |last=Pagels |first=Elaine |year=1979 |title=The Gnostic Gospels |publisher=Vintage Books |isbn=978-0-679-72453-7 |location=New York}} * {{cite book |last=Pagels |first=Elaine |year=1989 |title=The Gnostic Gospels |publisher=Knopf Doubleday |isbn=978-0-679-72453-7}} * {{cite book |last=Pearson |first=Birger Albert |year=2004 |title=Gnosticism and Christianity in Roman and Coptic Egypt}}{{full citation needed|date=January 2024}} * {{cite book |last=Petrement |first=Simone |year=1990 |title=A Separate God: The Origins and Teachings of Gnosticism |publisher=Harper and Row |isbn=0-06-066421-5}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Perkins |first=Pheme |year=2005 |title=Gnosticism: Gnosticism as a Christian heresy |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=Lindsay |encyclopedia=MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religion |publisher=MacMillan}} <!-- Q --> * {{cite book |last=Quispel |first=Gilles |year=2004 |chapter=Voorwoord |editor-last=Pagels |editor-first=Elaine |title=De Gnostische Evangelien |publisher=Servire |language=nl}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Quispel |first=Gilles |year=2005 |chapter=Gnosticism: Gnosticism from its origins to the Middle Ages |edition=1st |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=Lindsay |encyclopedia=MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religion |publisher=MacMillan}} <!-- R --> * {{cite book |last1=Robertson |first1=David G. |title=Gnosticism and the History of Religions |date=2021 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-1350137691}} * {{cite book |author-link=James M. Robinson |last=Robinson |first=James |title=The Nag Hammadi Library in English |publisher=Harper & Row |year=1978 |isbn=978-0-06-066934-8 |location=San Francisco}} * {{cite journal |first=J. M. |last=Robinson |title=Jesus: From Easter to Valentinus (Or to the Apostles' Creed) |journal=Journal of Biblical Literature |volume=101 |year=1982|issue=1 |pages=5–37 |doi=10.2307/3260438 |jstor=3260438 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Rousseau |first1=A. |last2=Doutreleau |first2=L. |year=1974 |title=Saint Irénée de Lyon: Traité contre les hérésies |language=fr}}{{full citation needed|date=January 2024}} * {{cite book |last=Rudolph |first=Kurt |author-link=Kurt Rudolph |title=Gnosis: The Nature & History of Gnosticism |publisher=Harper & Row |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-06-067018-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/gnosisnaturehist00rudo |url-access=registration}} <!-- S --> * {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Carl B. |year=2004 |title=No Longer Jews: The Search for Gnostic Origins |publisher=Hendrickson Publishers}} * {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Morton |author-link=Morton Smith |year=1981 |title=History of the Term Gnostikos |place=Netherlands |publisher=E.J. Brill}} <!-- T --> * {{cite book |last1=Temporini |first1=Hildegard |author-link1=Hildegard Temporini-Gräfin Vitzthum |last2=Vogt |first2=Joseph |last3=Haase |first3=Wolfgang |year=1983 |title=Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt |trans-title=Rise and Decline of the Roman World |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-008845-8 |title-link=Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt |language=de}} * {{cite book |last=Turner |first=John |year=1986 |chapter=Sethian Gnosticism: A Literary History |title=Nag Hammadi, Gnosticism and Early Christianity |chapter-url=http://jdt.unl.edu/lithist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121211123653/http://jdt.unl.edu/lithist.html |archive-date=2012-12-11 }} * {{cite book |last=Turner |first=John D. |year=2001 |chapter=Chapter Seven: The History of the Sethian Movement |title=Sethian Gnosticism and the Platonic Tradition |publisher=Presses Université Laval}} <!-- U --> * {{cite book |first1=Dominic J. |last1=Unger |first2=John J. |last2=Dillon |year=1992 |title=St. Irenaeus of Lyons Against the heresies |volume=1}}{{full citation needed|date=January 2024}} <!-- V --> * {{cite book |last1=Valantasis |first1=Richard |title=The Beliefnet Guide to Gnosticiam and Other Vanished Christianities |publisher=Beliefnet |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-385-51455-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/beliefnetguideto00vala}} * {{cite journal |last=Verardi |first=Giovanni |author-link=Giovanni Verardi |year=1997 |title=The Buddhists, the Gnostics and the Antinomistic Society, or the Arabian Sea in the First Century AD |journal=Aion |volume=57 |issue=3–4 |pages=324–346 |url=http://opar.unior.it/1042/1/Articolo_Verardi_pdf.pdf}} <!-- W --> * {{cite book |last=Williams |first=Michael |year=1996 |title=Rethinking Gnosticism: An Argument for Dismantling a Dubious Category |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-01127-1}} * {{cite journal |last=Wilson |first=R. McL. |title=Nag Hammadi and the New Testament |journal=New Testament Studies |volume=28 |year=1982|issue=3 |pages=289–302 |doi=10.1017/S002868850000744X |s2cid=170876890 }} {{refend}} ====Web sources==== {{reflist|group=web|refs= <!-- B --> <ref name=Beliefnet group=web>{{cite web | last =Sheahen | first =Laura | title =Matthew, Mark, Luke and... Thomas?: What would Christianity be like if gnostic texts had made it into the Bible? | website =[[Beliefnet]] | date =June 2003 | url =http://www.beliefnet.com/story/128/story_12865_1.html | access-date=June 7, 2009}}</ref> <!-- N --> <ref name=National_Book_Award group=web >{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1980 |title=National Book Awards – 1980 |publisher=[[National Book Foundation]] | access-date=March 8, 2012 }}</ref> <!-- P --> <ref name=perseus_LSJ group=web>perseus.tufts.edu, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=gnwstikos&la=greek#lexicon LSJ entry]</ref> <ref name=perseus_gnostikos group=web>perseus.tufts.edu, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/wordfreq?lang=greek&lookup=gnwstiko%2Fs ''Gnostikos'']</ref> }} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. 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