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Do not fill this in! ===Original sin{{Anchor|Original sin}}=== {{Main|Original sin}} [[File:Forbidden fruit.jpg|thumb|A [[Sistine Chapel]] [[fresco]] depicts the [[Expulsion from the Garden of Eden|expulsion]] of [[Adam and Eve]] for [[Original sin|transgressing God's command]] not to eat [[Forbidden fruit|the fruit]] of the [[Tree of the knowledge of good and evil]].]] This condition has been characterized in many ways, ranging from something as insignificant as the tendency toward sin, referred to as a "sin nature", to something as drastic as [[total depravity]], the teaching that humans, apart from God's grace, are incapable of choosing to do good.<ref name="Burson2016">{{cite book |last1=Burson |first1=Scott R. |title=Brian McLaren in Focus: A New Kind of Apologetic |date=13 September 2016 |publisher=ACU Press |isbn=978-0-89112-650-8 |language=English |quote=...affirms the total depravity of human beings and their utter helplessness even to exercise a good will toward God apart from God's supernatural, assisting grace.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Brodd|first=Jeffrey|title=World Religions|publisher=Saint Mary's Press|year=2003|location=Winona, MN|isbn=978-0-88489-725-5}}</ref> The concept of original sin was first alluded to in the 2nd century by [[Irenaeus]], [[Bishop of Lyon]] in his controversy with certain [[dualistic cosmology|dualist]] [[Gnosticism|Gnostics]].<ref>"In the person of the first Adam we offend God, disobeying His precept" (Haeres., V, xvi, 3).</ref> Other church fathers such as [[Augustine]] also shaped and developed the doctrine,<ref>Patte, Daniel. The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity. Ed. Daniel Patte. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 892</ref> seeing it as based on the [[New Testament]] teaching of [[Paul the Apostle]] ([[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]] {{bibleref2-nb|Romans|5:12β21}} and [[First Epistle to the Corinthians|1 Corinthians]] {{bibleref2-nb|1 Corinthians|15:21β22}}) and the [[Old Testament]] verse of [[Psalms]] {{bibleref2-nb|Psalm|51:5}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=Peter Nathan |url=http://www.vision.org/visionmedia/article.aspx?id=227 |title=The Original View of Original Sin |website=Vision.org |access-date=24 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philvaz.com/apologetics/num54.htm |title=Original Sin Explained and Defended: Reply to an Assemblies of God Pastor |website=Philvaz.com |access-date=24 January 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://nazarene.org/ministries/administration/visitorcenter/articles/ Preamble and Articles of Faith] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020030856/http://nazarene.org/ministries/administration/visitorcenter/articles/ |date=20 October 2013 }} β V. Sin, Original and Personal β Church of the Nazarene. Retrieved 13 October 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.topicalbiblestudies.com/original-sin.php Are Babies Born with Sin?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021173528/http://www.topicalbiblestudies.com/original-sin.php |date=21 October 2013 }} β Topical Bible Studies. Retrieved 13 October 2013.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Original Sin: Psalm 51:5 |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/resource/55992/original-sin |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en}}</ref> [[Tertullian]], [[Cyprian]], [[Ambrose]] and [[Ambrosiaster]] considered that humanity shares in Adam's sin, transmitted by human generation. [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine's]] formulation of original sin after 412 CE was popular among [[Protestant Reformation|Protestant reformers]], such as [[Martin Luther]] and [[John Calvin]], who equated original sin with [[concupiscence]] (or "hurtful desire"), affirming that it persisted even after [[baptism]] and completely destroyed freedom to do good. Before 412 CE, Augustine said that free will was weakened but not destroyed by original sin. But after 412 CE this changed to a loss of free will except to sin.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Kenneth |title=Augustine's Conversion from Traditional Free Choice to "Non-free Free Will": A Comprehensive Methodology |date=2018 |publisher=Mohr Siebeck |location=TΓΌbingen |isbn=9783161557538 |pages=16β18, 157β187}}</ref> Modern [[Augustinian Calvinism]] holds this later view. The [[Jansenism|Jansenist]] movement, which the Catholic Church declared to be heretical, also maintained that original sin destroyed [[Free will|freedom of will]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08285a.htm |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Jansenius and Jansenism |website=Newadvent.org |date=1 October 1910 |access-date=24 January 2017}}</ref> Instead the Catholic Church declares that Baptism erases original sin.<ref>Catholic Church. [https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c1a1.htm "The Seven Sacraments of the Church."] ''Catechism of the Catholic Church''. ''LA Santa Sede''. 19 November 2019.</ref> [[Methodist theology]] teaches that original sin is eradicted through [[entire sanctification]].<ref name="Whidden2005">{{cite web |last1=Whidden |first1=Woodrow W. |title=Adventist Theology: The Wesleyan Connection |url=https://adventistbiblicalresearch.org/es/node/203 |publisher=Biblical Research Institute |access-date=30 June 2019 |language=en |date=18 April 2005}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page