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Do not fill this in! === Education === {{Main|Education in Russia}} [[File:МГУ, вид с воздуха.jpg|thumb|[[Moscow State University]], the most prestigious educational institution in Russia<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/lomonosov-moscow-state-university |title=Lomonosov Moscow State University |work=[[QS World University Rankings]] |access-date=28 June 2021}}</ref>]] Russia has an adult [[literate|literacy rate]] of 100%,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=RU |title=Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) – Russian Federation |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref> and has [[compulsory education]] for a duration of 11 years, exclusively for children aged 7 to 17–18.<ref name="Nuffic-2019"/> It grants [[free education]] to its citizens by constitution.<ref name="CEPES">{{cite book |date=1997 |last=Kouptsov |first=Oleg |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000129839 |title=Mutual recognition of qualifications: the Russian Federation and the other European countries |location=[[Bucharest]] |publisher=[[UNESCO-CEPES]] |page=25 |isbn=929-0-69146-8}}</ref> The [[Ministry of Education (Russia)|Ministry of Education of Russia]] is responsible for primary and secondary education, as well as vocational education; while the [[Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Russia)|Ministry of Education and Science of Russia]] is responsible for science and higher education.<ref name="Nuffic-2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.nuffic.nl/sites/default/files/2020-08/education-system-russia.pdf |title=Education system Russia |publisher=[[Nuffic]] |version=3 |location=The Hague |date=October 2019 |access-date=26 July 2021 |archive-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726203317/https://www.nuffic.nl/sites/default/files/2020-08/education-system-russia.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Regional authorities regulate education within their jurisdictions within the prevailing framework of federal laws. Russia is among the world's most educated countries, and has the [[List of countries by tertiary education attainment|sixth-highest proportion]] of [[tertiary education|tertiary-level graduates]] in terms of percentage of population, at 62.1%.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://data.oecd.org/eduatt/population-with-tertiary-education.htm |title=Population with tertiary education |website=[[OECD]] Data |doi=10.1787/0b8f90e9-en |year=2022 |access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref> It spent roughly 4.7% of its GDP on education in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS?locations=RU |title=Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) – Russian Federation |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=4 January 2022}}</ref> Russia's [[pre-school]] education system is highly developed and optional,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taratukhina |first1=Maria S. |last2=Polyakova |first2=Marina N. |last3=Berezina |first3=Tatyana A. |last4=Notkina |first4=Nina A. |last5=Sheraizina |first5=Roza M. |last6=Borovkov |first6=Mihail I. |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000149142_eng |title=Early childhood care and education in the Russian Federation |year=2006 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=4 January 2022}}</ref> some four-fifths of children aged 3 to 6 attend day nurseries or kindergartens. Primary school is compulsory for eleven years, starting from age 6 to 7, and leads to a basic general education certificate.<ref name="Nuffic-2019"/> An additional two or three years of schooling are required for the secondary-level certificate, and some seven-eighths of Russians continue their education past this level.<ref name="Educationb">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Russia/Housing#ref38625 |title=Russia – Education |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref> Admission to an institute of higher education is selective and highly competitive:<ref name="CEPES"/> first-degree courses usually take five years.<ref name="Educationb"/> The oldest and largest [[List of institutions of higher education in Russia|universities]] in Russia are [[Moscow State University]] and [[Saint Petersburg State University]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ridder-Symoens |first=Hilde de |title=History of the University in Europe: Volume 2, Universities in Early Modern Europe (1500–1800) |url={{GBurl|id=ZHMjzvAxHF0C}} |date=1996 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |series=[[A History of the University in Europe]] |pages=80–89 |isbn=978-0-521-36106-4}}</ref> There are ten highly prestigious [[Template:Federal universities of Russia|federal universities]] across the country. Russia was the world's fifth-leading destination for [[international student]]s in 2019, hosting roughly 300 thousand.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uis.unesco.org/en/uis-student-flow |title=Global Flow of Tertiary-Level Students |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=4 January 2022}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page