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Do not fill this in! ===Relations with other traditions=== {{See also|Three teachings}} [[file:Huxisanxiaotu.jpg|thumb|A painting in the ''litang style'' portraying "[[Three laughs at Tiger Brook|three laughs at tiger brook]]" which illustrates the unity of the [[three teachings]], 12th century, [[Song dynasty]].]] [[File:Hunyuan Xuankong Si 2013.08.30 09-02-11.jpg|thumb|The [[Hanging Temple]], a temple which contains elements from all three teachings]] Many scholars believe Taoism arose as a countermovement to [[Confucianism]].{{sfnp|Fisher|1997|p=167}} The philosophical terms ''Tao'' and ''De'' are indeed shared by both Taoism and Confucianism.{{sfnp|Markham|Ruparell|2001|p=254}} [[Zhuang Zhou|Zhuangzi]] explicitly criticized Confucian and [[Mohist]] tenets in his work. In general, Taoism rejects the Confucian emphasis on [[li (Confucian)|rituals]], hierarchical social order, and conventional morality, and favors "naturalness", spontaneity, and individualism instead.{{sfnp|Maspero|1981|p=39}} The entry of [[Chinese Buddhism|Buddhism]] into China was marked by significant interaction and [[syncretism]] with Taoism.{{sfnp|Maspero|1981|p=46}} Originally seen as a kind of "foreign Toism", Buddhism's scriptures were translated into Chinese using the Taoist vocabulary.{{sfnp|Prebish|1975|p=192}} Representatives of early [[Chinese Buddhism]], like [[Sengzhao]] and [[Tao Sheng]], knew and were deeply influenced by the Taoist keystone texts.{{sfnp|Dumoulin|Heisig|Knitter|2005|pp=70, 74}} Taoism especially shaped the development of [[Chinese Chan|Chan Buddhism]],{{sfnp|Mollier|2008}}<ref name="Ware-2023">{{Cite web |last=Ware |first=James Hamilton |title=Zhuangzi |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zhuangzi |access-date=2023-04-29 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |language=en |archive-date=1 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401032712/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zhuangzi |url-status=live }}</ref> introducing elements like the concept of ''naturalness'', distrust of scripture and text, and emphasis on embracing "this life" and living in the "every-moment".{{sfnp|Dumoulin|Heisig|Knitter|2005|pp=68, 70–73, 167–168}} Zhuangzi's statements that the Tao was omnipresent and that creation escorts animals and humans to death influenced [[Chinese Buddhism|Chinese Buddhist]] practitioners and scholars, especially Chan Buddhists.<ref name="Ware-2023" /> On the other hand, Taoism also incorporated Buddhist elements during the Tang dynasty. Examples of such influence include monasteries, vegetarianism, prohibition of alcohol, the doctrine of emptiness, and collecting scripture in tripartite organization in certain sects.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} Ideological and political rivals for centuries, Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism deeply influenced one another.{{sfnp|Markham|Ruparell|2001|pp=248–249}} For example, [[Wang Bi]], one of the most influential philosophical commentators on ''Laozi'' (and the ''[[I Ching]]''), was a Confucian.{{sfnp|Schipper|1993|p=192}} The three rivals also share some similar values, with all three embracing a [[humanism|humanist]] philosophy emphasizing moral behavior and human perfection. In time, most Chinese people identified to some extent with all three traditions simultaneously.<ref name="window">[http://www.asia.msu.edu/eastasia/China/religion.html Windows on Asia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220182953/http://www.asia.msu.edu/eastasia/China/religion.html |date=2009-02-20 }} Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University.</ref> This became institutionalized when aspects of the three schools were synthesized in the [[Neo-Confucianism|Neo-Confucian]] school.{{sfnp|Moore|1967|pp=133, 147}} [[Christianity|Christian]] and Taoist contact often took place in the Tang dynasty,<ref name="Chua-2007a">{{Cite book |last=Chua |first=Amy |title=Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance–and Why They Fall |publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-385-51284-8 |edition=1st |location=New York |page=71 |oclc=123079516}}</ref> and some scholars believe that the [[Church of the East]] influenced Taoist thought on the [[Three Pure Ones]].<ref name="Gurdon-2002">{{Cite book |title=World Religions: Eastern Traditions |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |editor=Willard Gurdon Oxtoby |year=2002 |isbn=0-19-541521-3 |edition=2nd |location=Don Mills, Ontario |page=393 |oclc=46661540}}</ref> [[Emperor Taizong of Tang|Emperor Taizong]] encouraged this, and Taoists who agreed with him and his laws incorporated elements of Christianity, [[Islam]], [[Manichaeism]], [[Judaism]], [[Confucianism]], and [[Buddhism]] into their faith.<ref name="Chua-2007a" /> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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