Czech Republic Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! === Architecture === {{Main|Czech architecture}} [[File:Prague 07-2016 View from Old Town Hall Tower img3.jpg|thumb|[[Old Town (Prague)|Historic center of Prague]]]] The earliest preserved stone buildings in Bohemia and Moravia date back to the time of the [[Christianization]] in the 9th and 10th centuries. Since the Middle Ages, the Czech lands have been using the same architectural styles as most of [[Western Europe|Western]] and Central Europe. The oldest still standing churches were built in the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque style]]. During the 13th century, it was replaced by the [[Czech Gothic architecture|Gothic style]]. In the 14th century, Emperor Charles IV invited architects from France and Germany, [[Matthias of Arras]] and [[Peter Parler]], to his court in Prague. During the Middle Ages, some fortified castles were built by the king and aristocracy, as well as some monasteries. The [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance style]] penetrated the Bohemian Crown in the late 15th century when the older Gothic style started to be mixed with Renaissance elements. An example of pure Renaissance architecture in Bohemia is the [[Queen Anne's Summer Palace]], which was situated in the garden of [[Prague Castle]]. Evidence of the general reception of the Renaissance in Bohemia, involving an influx of Italian architects, can be found in spacious chateaus with arcade courtyards and geometrically arranged gardens.<ref name=architecture>{{cite web|title=History of Czech Architecture|url=http://eu2009.cz/en/czech-republic/architecture-and-design/history/history-of-czech-architecture-2461/|website=eu2009.cz|publisher=Czech Presidency of the European Union|access-date=20 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015211407/http://eu2009.cz/en/czech-republic/architecture-and-design/history/history-of-czech-architecture-2461/|archive-date=15 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Emphasis was placed on comfort, and buildings that were built for entertainment purposes also appeared.<ref name=czecharchitecture>{{cite web|title=The History of Architecture|url=http://www.czech.cz/en/66608-the-history-of-architecture|website=www.czech.cz|access-date=18 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212429/http://www.czech.cz/en/66608-the-history-of-architecture|archive-date=23 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 17th century, the Baroque style spread throughout the Crown of Bohemia.<ref name=kotalik>{{cite book|last=Kotalík|first=Jiří|title=Architektura barokní|year=2002|publisher=Správa Pražského hradu a DaDa|location=Prague|isbn=978-80-86161-38-9|page=13|edition=Deset století architektury|language=cs}}</ref> In the 18th century, Bohemia produced an architectural peculiarity – the ''Baroque Gothic style'', a synthesis of the Gothic and Baroque styles.<ref name=architecture /> [[File:Prag Kubismus Schwarze Madonna 1.jpg|thumb|left|Czech artists developed a [[Czech Cubism|distinct cubist style]] in architecture and applied arts. It later evolved into national Czechoslovak style, ''[[rondocubism]]''.]] During the 19th century stands the [[Revival architecture|revival architectural styles]]. Some churches were restored to their presumed medieval appearance and there were constructed buildings in the [[Romanesque Revival architecture|Neo-Romanesque]], [[Gothic Revival architecture|Neo-Gothic]] and [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Neo-Renaissance]] styles. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the new art style appeared in the Czech lands – [[Art Nouveau]]. Bohemia contributed an unusual style to the world's architectural heritage when Czech architects attempted to transpose the [[Cubism]] of painting and sculpture into architecture. Between World Wars I and II, [[Functionalism (architecture)|Functionalism]], with its sober, progressive forms, took over as the main architectural style.<ref name=architecture /> After World War II and the Communist coup in 1948, art in Czechoslovakia became Soviet-influenced. The Czechoslovak avant-garde artistic movement is known as the ''[[Brussels style]] came up'' in the time of political liberalization of Czechoslovakia in the 1960s. [[Brutalism]] dominated in the 1970s and 1980s. The Czech Republic is not shying away from the more modern trends of international architecture, an example is the [[Tančící dům|Dancing House (Tančící dům)]] in Prague, [[Golden Angel]] in Prague or Congress Centre in Zlín.<ref name=architecture /> Influential Czech architects include [[Peter Parler]], [[Benedikt Rejt]], [[Jan Santini Aichel]], [[Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer]], [[Josef Fanta]], [[Josef Hlávka]], [[Josef Gočár]], [[Pavel Janák]], [[Jan Kotěra]], [[Věra Machoninová]], [[Karel Prager]], [[Karel Hubáček]], [[Jan Kaplický]], [[Eva Jiřičná]] or [[Josef Pleskot]]. Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! 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