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Do not fill this in! === Government policies towards terrorism === {{Further|War on terror|Anti-terrorism legislation|Airport security repercussions due to the September 11 attacks|Legal issues related to the September 11 attacks}} {{See also|Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture}} [[File:CIA illegal flights.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Alleged "[[extraordinary rendition]]" illegal flights of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], as reported by Polish newspaper ''[[Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)|Rzeczpospolita]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rp.pl/artykul/292283.html |title=Politycy nie pozwolili śledczym tropić lotów CIA – Rzeczpospolita |language=pl |work=[[Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)|Rzeczpospolita]] |date=April 17, 2009 |access-date=February 24, 2022 |archive-date=July 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711125637/http://www.rp.pl/artykul/292283.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>]] As a result of the attacks, many governments across the world passed legislation to combat terrorism.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Terrorism in the Asia-Pacific: Threat and Response |journal=[[The Journal of Asian Studies]] |year=2004 |first=Andrew |last=Scobell |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=1078–79 |doi=10.1017/S0021911804002463|s2cid=163030372}}</ref> In Germany, where several of the 9/11 terrorists had resided and taken advantage of that country's liberal asylum policies, two major anti-terrorism packages were enacted. The first removed legal loopholes that permitted terrorists to live and raise money in Germany. The second addressed the effectiveness and communication of intelligence and law enforcement.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/irp/crs/RL32710.pdf |title=Germany's Role in Fighting Terrorism: Implications for U.S. Policy |access-date=September 4, 2011 |last1=Miko |first1=Francis |last2=Froehlich |first2=Christian |date=December 27, 2004 |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]]}}</ref> Canada passed the [[Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act]], their first anti-terrorism law.<ref>{{cite news|title=Anti-terrorism Act|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/cdnsecurity/|access-date=November 12, 2013 |publisher=CBC News|date=February 27, 2007}}</ref> The United Kingdom passed the [[Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001]] and the [[Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Q and A: Anti-terrorism legislation |date=October 17, 2003 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3197394.stm |publisher=BBC News |access-date=September 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Sam |last=Coates |title=After all the fuss dies down, what really happened |date=November 10, 2005 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article588553.ece |work=The Times |access-date=September 4, 2011}}</ref> New Zealand enacted the [[Terrorism Suppression Act 2002]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Terrorism Suppression Act 2002|url=http://legislation.co.nz/act/public/2002/0034/19.0/DLM2493700.html|publisher=New Zealand Government|access-date=September 4, 2011|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219044052/http://legislation.co.nz/act/public/2002/0034/19.0/DLM2493700.html|archive-date=December 19, 2011}}</ref> In the United States, the [[Department of Homeland Security]] was created by the [[Homeland Security Act of 2002]] to coordinate domestic anti-terrorism efforts. The [[USA Patriot Act]] gave the federal government greater powers, including the authority to detain foreign terror suspects for a week without charge; to monitor terror suspects' telephone communications, e-mail, and Internet use; and to prosecute suspected terrorists without time restrictions. The FAA ordered that aeroplane cockpits be reinforced to prevent terrorists from gaining control of planes and assigned [[sky marshals]] to flights. Further, the [[Aviation and Transportation Security Act]] made the federal government, rather than airports, responsible for [[airport security]]. The law created the [[Transportation Security Administration]] to inspect passengers and luggage, causing long delays and concern over passenger privacy.<ref name="Modern World History">{{cite book |last1=Beck |first1=Roger |title=Modern World History |chapter=20 |publisher=[[Holt McDougal]] |year=2004 |pages=657–58 |isbn=978-0-618-69012-1|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfSPAAAACAAJ}}</ref> After suspected abuses of the USA Patriot Act were brought to light in June 2013 with articles about the collection of American call records by the [[National Security Agency|NSA]] and the [[PRISM (surveillance program)|PRISM]] program (see [[Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)]]), Representative [[Sensenbrenner|Jim Sensenbrenner]],(R- [[Wisconsin]]) who introduced the Patriot Act in 2001, said that the NSA overstepped its bounds.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/07/opinion/president-obamas-dragnet.html|title=President Obama's Dragnet|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 6, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sensenbrenner.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=337001|title=Author of Patriot Act: FBI's FISA Order is Abuse of Patriot Act|date=June 6, 2013|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610061511/http://sensenbrenner.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=337001|archive-date=June 10, 2013}}</ref> [[Criticism of the war on terror]] has focused on its morality, efficiency, and cost. According to a 2021 study conducted under the auspices of the [[Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs]], the several post-9/11 wars participated in by the United States in its [[War on Terror]] have caused the displacement, conservatively calculated, of 38 million people in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Somalia, and the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web |first1=David |last1=Vine |first2=Cala |last2=Coffman |first3=Katalina |last3=Khoury |first4=Madison |last4=Lovasz |first5=Helen |last5=Bush |first6=Rachel |last6=Leduc |first7=Jennifer |last7=Walkup |url=https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2020/Displacement_Vine%20et%20al_Costs%20of%20War%202020%2009%2008.pdf |title=Creating Refugees: Displacement Caused by the United States' Post-9/11 Wars |publisher=[[Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs]] |date=September 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Vine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/18/us-wars-iraq-george-w-bush |title=US-led wars have displaced 37 m people. America should accept responsibility |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=September 18, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Costs of War">{{Cite web|title=Latest Figures |website=Costs of War|url=https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures|access-date=September 1, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The study estimated these wars caused the deaths of 897,000 to 929,000 people and cost $8 trillion.<ref name="Costs of War" /> The [[U.S. Constitution]] and [[U.S. law]] prohibits the use of [[Torture in the United States|torture]], yet such [[Human rights violations by the CIA|human rights violations occurred]] during the War on Terror under the euphemism "[[Enhanced interrogation techniques|enhanced interrogation]]".<ref>[https://apnews.com/4925f7f0fa654853bd6f2f57174179fe In Yemen's secret prisons, UAE tortures and US interrogates]. Associated Press, 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Twenty Years On: The Legacy of 9/11 |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/09/09/twenty-years-legacy-9/11 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |date=September 9, 2021}}</ref> In 2005, ''The Washington Post'' and [[Human Rights Watch]] (HRW) published revelations concerning CIA flights and "[[CIA black sites|black sites]]", covert prisons operated by the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Europeans Probe Secret CIA Flights |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/16/AR2005111602198.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |first=Craig |last=Whitlock |date=November 17, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=EU to look into 'secret US jails' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4403166.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=November 3, 2005}}</ref> The term "torture by proxy" is used by some critics to describe situations in which the CIA and other U.S. agencies have [[Extraordinary rendition|transferred suspected terrorists]] to countries known to employ torture.<ref>"[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/08/28/new-cia-docs-detail-bruta_n_271299.html New CIA Docs Detail Brutal 'Extraordinary Rendition' Process]". ''[[Huffington Post]]''. August 28, 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='A heavy price': Two decades of war, wariness and the post-9/11 security state |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/heavy-price-two-decades-war-wariness-post-9-11-security-n1278846 |publisher=NBC News |date=September 10, 2021}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page