Julian calendar Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! == Modern usage == === Eastern Orthodox === {{See also|New Calendarists}}[[File:Bogojavlenie.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Russian icon]] of the [[Epiphany (feast)|Theophany]] (the baptism of Jesus by [[John the Baptist]]) (6 January), the highest-ranked feast which occurs on the fixed cycle of the [[Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar]]]] Although most [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] countries (most of them in [[Eastern Europe|eastern]] or southeastern Europe) had adopted the Gregorian calendar by 1924, their national churches had not. The "[[Revised Julian calendar]]" was endorsed by a [[synod]] in [[Constantinople]] in May 1923, consisting of a solar part which was and will be identical to the Gregorian calendar until the year 2800, and a lunar part which calculated Easter astronomically at [[Jerusalem]]. All Eastern Orthodox churches refused to accept the lunar part, so all Orthodox churches continue to celebrate Easter according to the Julian calendar, with the exception of the [[Finnish Orthodox Church]]<ref>Bishop Photius of Triaditsa, [http://orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/photii_2.aspx "The 70th Anniversary of the Pan-Orthodox Congress, Part II of II"]; {{cite web |url=http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Moscow-affiliated+Russian+Orthodox+church+grows+in+Helsinki/1135230488329 |date=21 September 2007 |title=HELSINGIN SANOMAT (International edition) |access-date=11 May 2010 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714150231/http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Moscow-affiliated+Russian+Orthodox+church+grows+in+Helsinki/1135230488329 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (the [[Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church|Estonian Orthodox Church]] was also an exception from 1923 to 1945<ref>{{cite web| url = http://antimodern.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/communique-de-presse.pdf| title = Communiqué du Bureau de Presse de l'Eglise Orthodoxe d'Estonie}}</ref>). The Orthodox Churches of [[Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]], [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russia]], [[Serbian Orthodox Church|Serbia]], [[Montenegrin Orthodox Church|Montenegro]], Poland (from 15 June 2014), [[Macedonian Orthodox Church – Ohrid Archbishopric|North Macedonia]], [[Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church|Georgia]], and the [[Greek Old Calendarists]] and other groups continue to use the Julian calendar, thus they celebrate the Nativity on 25 December ''Julian'' (which is 7 January ''Gregorian'' until 2100). The [[Russian Orthodox Church]] has some parishes in the West that celebrate the Nativity on 25 December ''Gregorian'' until 2799.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}} The [[Orthodox Church of Ukraine]] announced in late May 2023 that they would use the Gregorian calendar to celebrate Christmas on December 25, 2023, partly in reflection to [[Russia]]'s [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|deadly invasion of the country]] in early 2022.<ref>[https://religionnews.com/2023/06/16/after-calendar-change-many-in-ukraine-are-looking-forward-to-a-new-christmas/ After calendar change, many in Ukraine are looking forward to a new Christmas] Religion News, David I. Klein, June 16, 2023</ref> ==== Date of Easter ==== Most branches of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] use the Julian calendar for [[Computus|calculating the date of Easter]], upon which the timing of all the other [[moveable feast]]s depends. Some such churches have adopted the [[Revised Julian calendar]] for the observance of [[fixed feast]]s, while such Orthodox churches retain the Julian calendar for all purposes.<ref>[http://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/commissions/faith-and-order/i-unity-the-church-and-its-mission/towards-a-common-date-for-easter/index Towards a Common Date of Easter.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620205601/http://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/commissions/faith-and-order/i-unity-the-church-and-its-mission/towards-a-common-date-for-easter/index |date=2017-06-20 }} (5–10 March). World Council of Churches/Middle East Council of Churches Consultation, Aleppo, Syria.</ref> ===Syriac Christianity=== The [[Ancient Assyrian Church of the East]], an [[East Syriac]] rite that is commonly miscategorised under "eastern Orthodox", uses the Julian calendar, where its participants celebrate Christmas on 7 January ''Gregorian'' (which is 25 December ''Julian''). The [[Assyrian Church of the East]], the church it split from in 1968 (the replacement of traditional Julian calendar with Gregorian calendar being among the reasons), uses the Gregorian calendar ever since the year of the [[schism]].<ref>[https://theorthodoxchurch.info/blog/news/the-quest-for-orthodox-assyrian-alliance/ The Quest for Orthodox–Assyrian Alliance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502080754/https://theorthodoxchurch.info/blog/news/the-quest-for-orthodox-assyrian-alliance/ |date=2021-05-02 }} Orthodoxy Cognate PAGE</ref> === Oriental Orthodox === The [[Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem]] of [[Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church]] uses Julian calendar, while the rest of Armenian Church uses Gregorian calendar. Both celebrate the Nativity as part of the Feast of [[Epiphany (holiday)|Theophany]] according to their respective calendar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peopleofar.com/2015/01/07/armenians-celebrate-christmas-january-6th/|title=Armenian Christmas on January 6th|last=Reply|first=hairabed|date=2015-01-07|website=PeopleOfAr|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-21}}</ref> === Berbers === The Julian calendar is still used by the [[Berbers]] of the [[Maghreb]] in the form of the [[Berber calendar]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=The manipulation of time: Calendars and power in the Sahara|first=Clare|last=Oxby|journal=Nomadic Peoples |series=New Series|volume=2|issue=1/2|year=1998|pages=137–149|doi=10.3167/082279498782384522|jstor=43123542}}</ref> === Foula === [[Foula]] in [[Shetland]], [[Scotland]], a small settlement on a remote island of the archipelago, still celebrates festivities according to the Julian calendar.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Merritt |first1=Mike |title=Remote Foula islanders finally get to celebrate Christmas |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/remote-foula-islanders-finally-get-to-celebrate-christmas-lcjlrn56m |date=27 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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