Africa Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! == Infrastructure == === Water resources === {{See also|Water scarcity in Africa|Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa}} Water development and [[Water resource management|management]] are complex in Africa due to the multiplicity of trans-boundary water resources ([[River|rivers]], [[Lake|lakes]] and [[Aquifer|aquifers]]).<ref name=":04">{{Cite book |title=The United Nations World Water Development Report 2016: Water and Jobs |publisher=UNESCO |year=2016 |isbn=978-92-3-100146-8 |location=Paris}} [[File:CC_BY-SA_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by-sa/3.0/igo/|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)]] license.</ref> Around 75% of sub-Saharan Africa falls within 53 international [[Drainage basin|river basin]] catchments that traverse multiple borders.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Cooperation in International Waters in Africa (CIWA) |url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/cooperation-in-international-waters-in-africa |access-date=2016-11-13 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref><ref name=":04" /> This particular constraint can also be converted into an opportunity if the potential for trans-boundary cooperation is harnessed in the development of the area's water resources.<ref name=":04" /> A multi-sectoral analysis of the [[Zambezi|Zambezi River]], for example, shows that [[Riparian zone|riparian]] cooperation could lead to a 23% increase in firm energy production without any additional investments.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":04" /> A number of institutional and legal frameworks for transboundary cooperation exist, such as the Zambezi River Authority, the [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC) Protocol, [[Volta River Authority]] and the [[Nile Basin Commission]].<ref name=":04" /> However, additional efforts are required to further develop political will, as well as the financial capacities and institutional frameworks needed for win-win multilateral cooperative actions and optimal solutions for all riparians.<ref name=":04" /> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page