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Do not fill this in! == Demographics == {{Main|Demographics of the Philippines}} {{see also|List of cities in the Philippines}} As of May 1, 2020, the Philippines had a population of 109,035,343.<ref name="PSAGovPH-2020Census">{{Cite press release|last=Mapa|first=Dennis S.|date=July 7, 2021|title=2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH) Population Counts Declared Official by the President|url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/2020-census-population-and-housing-2020-cph-population-counts-declared-official-president|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707104119/https://psa.gov.ph/content/2020-census-population-and-housing-2020-cph-population-counts-declared-official-president|archive-date=July 7, 2021 |publisher=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]]}}</ref> In 2020, 54 percent of the country's population lived in [[urban area]]s.<ref name="PSAGovPH-2020-Urban">{{cite press release |last1=Mapa |first1=Dennis S. |title=Urban Population of the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing) |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/urban-population-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing |publisher=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]] |access-date=May 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705104809/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/1_PR_Urban%20Population_RML_063022_ONS-signed.pdf |archive-date=July 5, 2022 |date=July 4, 2022}}</ref> [[Manila]], its capital, and [[Quezon City]] (the country's most populous city) are in [[Metro Manila]]. About 13.48 million people ({{#expr: (13484462/109033245)*100 round 0}} percent of the Philippines' population) live in Metro Manila,<ref name="PSAGovPH-2020-Urban" /> the [[List of metropolitan areas in the Philippines|country's most populous metropolitan area]]<ref>{{cite report|year=2017 |title=Philippine Development Plan, 2017–2022 |url=https://pdp.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/PDP-2017-2022-10-03-2017.pdf |chapter=Chapter 3: Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and Physical Characteristics |chapter-url=http://pdp.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Chapter-03.pdf |publisher=[[National Economic and Development Authority]] |location=Pasig, Philippines |issn=2243-7576 |pages=31, 34–35 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226035525/https://pdp.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/PDP-2017-2022-10-03-2017.pdf |archive-date=February 26, 2020 |access-date=April 23, 2023}}</ref> and the world's [[List of largest cities|fifth most populous]].<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |title=Demographia World Urban Areas |date=July 2022 |publisher=[[Demographia]] |edition=18th Annual |page=23 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203065121/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |archive-date=February 3, 2023}}</ref> Between 1948 and 2010, the population of the Philippines increased almost fivefold from 19 million to 92 million.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||title=Population of the Philippines: Census Years 1799 to 2010 |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/secstat/d_popn.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704171010/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/secstat/d_popn.asp |archive-date=July 4, 2012 |website=[[Philippine Statistics Authority|National Statistical Coordination Board]] |access-date=July 24, 2023}}</ref> The [[List of countries by median age|country's median age]] is 25.3, and 63.9 percent of its population is between 15 and 64 years old.<ref>{{cite press release |last1=Mapa |first1=Dennis S. |title=Age and Sex Distribution in the Philippine Population (2020 Census of Population and Housing) |url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/1_Press%20Release%20on_Age%20Sex_RML_18July22_rev_mpe_RRDH_CRD-signed.pdf |access-date=May 19, 2023 |work=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]] |date=August 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812232228/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/1_Press%20Release%20on_Age%20Sex_RML_18July22_rev_mpe_RRDH_CRD-signed.pdf |archive-date=August 12, 2022}}</ref> The Philippines' average annual population growth rate is decreasing,<ref>{{cite journal|date=June 2018 |title=2015 Census of Population |url=http://www.psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/_2015_Census%20Facts%20and%20Figures_Philippines_MERGE.pdf |journal=Census Facts and Figures |location=Quezon City, Philippines |publisher=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]] |page=11 |issn=0117-1453 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814193607/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/_2015_Census%20Facts%20and%20Figures_Philippines_MERGE.pdf |archive-date=August 14, 2022 |access-date=July 25, 2020}}</ref> although government attempts to further reduce population growth have been [[Reproductive Health Bill (Philippines)|contentious]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=September 29, 2010 |title=Bishops threaten civil disobedience over RH bill |work=[[GMA News Online|GMANews.TV]] |url=http://www.gmanews.tv/100days/story/202186/bishops-threaten-civil-disobedience-over-rh-bill |access-date=October 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221140718/http://www.gmanews.tv/100days/story/202186/bishops-threaten-civil-disobedience-over-rh-bill |archive-date=February 21, 2011}}</ref> The country reduced its [[Poverty in the Philippines|poverty rate]] from 49.2 percent in 1985<ref name="WorldBank-Poverty-2023">{{cite report|title=Overcoming Poverty and Inequality in the Philippines; Past, Present, and Prospects for the Future |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099325011232224571/pdf/P17486101e29310810abaf0e8e336aed85a.pdf |publisher=[[The World Bank]] |access-date=April 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206083125/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099325011232224571/pdf/P17486101e29310810abaf0e8e336aed85a.pdf |archive-date=December 6, 2022 |page=3}}</ref> to 18.1 percent in 2021,<ref>{{Cite press release |last1=Mapa |first1=Claire Dennis S. |date=August 15, 2022 |title=Proportion of Poor Filipinos was Recorded at 18.1 Percent in 2021 |work=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]] |url=https://psa.gov.ph/poverty-press-releases/nid/167972 |access-date=November 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816035933/https://psa.gov.ph/poverty-press-releases/nid/167972 |archive-date=August 16, 2022}}</ref> and its [[Income inequality in the Philippines|income inequality]] began to decline in 2012.<ref name="WorldBank-Poverty-2023" /> {{Largest cities of the Philippines|class=info}} === Ethnicity === {{Main|Ethnic groups in the Philippines}} {{See also|Filipinos|Pinoy}} [[File:Peoples of the Philippines en.svg|thumb|alt=Another color-coded map|Dominant ethnic groups by province]] The country has substantial ethnic diversity, due to foreign influence and the archipelago's division by water and topography.<ref name="Banlaoi-2009">{{cite book|last=Banlaoi |first=Rommel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hi_NBQAAQBAJ |title=Philippine Security in the Age of Terror: National, Regional, and Global Challenges in the Post-9/11 World |date=2009 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |location=Boca Raton, Fla. |isbn=978-1-4398-1551-9 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hi_NBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 31–32] |author-link1=Rommel Banlaoi}}</ref> According to the 2010 census, the Philippines' largest ethnic groups were [[Tagalog people|Tagalog]] (24.4 percent), [[Visayans]] [excluding the [[Cebuano people|Cebuano]], [[Hiligaynon people|Hiligaynon]] and [[Waray people|Waray]]] (11.4 percent), Cebuano (9.9 percent), [[Ilocano people|Ilocano]] (8.8 percent), Hiligaynon (8.4 percent), [[Bicolano people|Bikol]] (6.8 percent), and Waray (four percent).<ref name="CIAWorldFactBook" /><ref>{{cite journal|year=2018 |title=2018 Philippine Statistical Yearbook |url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2018%20PSY_final%28revised%20asof26Mar19%29_0.pdf |journal=Philippine Statistical Yearbook |publisher=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]] |location=Quezon City, Philippines |pages=1–25 |issn=0118-1564 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508234645/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2018%20PSY_final(revised%20asof26Mar19)_0.pdf |archive-date=May 8, 2019}}</ref> The [[Indigenous peoples of the Philippines|country's indigenous peoples]] consisted of 110 enthnolinguistic groups, with a combined population of 14 to 17 million, in 2010;<ref>{{cite report|date=February 2010 |title=Fast Facts: Indigenous Peoples in the Philippines |url=https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/ph/fastFacts6---Indigenous-Peoples-in-the-Philippines-rev-1.5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225201804/https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/ph/fastFacts6---Indigenous-Peoples-in-the-Philippines-rev-1.5.pdf |archive-date=February 25, 2023 |access-date=February 25, 2023 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> they include the [[Igorot people|Igorot]], [[Lumad]], [[Mangyan]], and the [[Peoples of Palawan|indigenous peoples of Palawan]].<ref>{{Cite tech report |last=Cariño |first=Jacqueline K. |date=November 2012 |title=Country Technical Note on Indigenous Peoples' Issues; Republic of the Philippines |url=https://www.ifad.org/documents/38714170/40224860/philippines_ctn.pdf/ae0faa4a-2b65-4026-8d42-219db776c50d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809025044/https://www.ifad.org/documents/38714170/40224860/philippines_ctn.pdf/ae0faa4a-2b65-4026-8d42-219db776c50d |archive-date=August 9, 2021 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |publisher=[[International Fund for Agricultural Development]] |pages=3–5, 31–47}}</ref> [[Negrito]]s are thought to be among the islands' earliest inhabitants.<ref name="Dolan-1991" />{{rp|loc={{plain link|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927160916/http://countrystudies.us/philippines/35.htm|name=35}}}} These minority aboriginal settlers are an [[Australo-Melanesian|Australoid]] group, a remnant of the [[Southern Dispersal|first human migration from Africa to Australia]] who were probably displaced by later waves of migration.<ref>{{cite book|last=Flannery |first=Tim |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIW5aktgo0IC |title=The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People |date=2002 |publisher=[[Grove Press]] |location=New York, N.Y. |isbn=978-0-8021-3943-6 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=eIW5aktgo0IC&pg=PA147 147] |author-link1=Tim Flannery}}</ref> Some Philippine Negritos have a [[Denisovan]] admixture in their [[genome]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=August 31, 2012 |title=Extinct humanoid species may have lived in PHL |language=en |work=[[GMA News Online]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/272046/extinct-humanoid-species-may-have-lived-in-phl/story/ |access-date=February 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227040611/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/272046/extinct-humanoid-species-may-have-lived-in-phl/story/ |archive-date=December 27, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Reich |first1=David |last2=Patterson |first2=Nick |last3=Kircher |first3=Martin |last4=Delfin |first4=Frederick |last5=Nandineni |first5=Madhusudan R. |last6=Pugach |first6=Irina |last7=Ko |first7=Albert Min-Shan |last8=Ko |first8=Ying-Chin |last9=Jinam |first9=Timothy A. |last10=Phipps |first10=Maude E. |last11=Saitou |first11=Naruya |last12=Wollstein |first12=Andreas |last13=Kayser |first13=Manfred |last14=Pääbo |first14=Svante |last15=Stoneking |first15=Mark |date=October 2011 |title=Denisova Admixture and the First Modern Human Dispersals into Southeast Asia and Oceania |journal=[[American Journal of Human Genetics]] |volume=89 |issue=4 |pages=516–528 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.09.005 |pmc=3188841 |pmid=21944045 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ethnic Filipinos generally belong to several Southeast Asian ethnic groups, classified linguistically as [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesians]] speaking [[Malayo-Polynesian languages]].<ref name="Ethnologue-PH" /> The Austronesian population's origin is uncertain, but relatives of [[Taiwanese indigenous peoples|Taiwanese aborigines]] probably brought their language and mixed with the region's existing population.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Capelli |first1=Christian |last2=Wilson |first2=James F. |last3=Richards |first3=Martin |last4=Stumpf |first4=Michael P.H. |last5=Gratrix |first5=Fiona |last6=Oppenheimer |first6=Stephen |last7=Underhill |first7=Peter |last8=Ko |first8=Tsang-Ming |year=2001 |title=A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular South Asia and Oceania |url=http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v68_p432.pdf |journal=[[American Journal of Human Genetics]] |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=432–443 |doi=10.1086/318205 |pmc=1235276 |pmid=11170891 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511201051/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v68_p432.pdf |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |access-date=December 18, 2009 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Soares |first1=Pedro A. |last2=Trejaut |first2=Jean A. |last3=Rito |first3=Teresa |last4=Cavadas |first4=Bruno |last5=Hill |first5=Catherine |last6=Eng |first6=Ken Khong |last7=Mormina |first7=Maru |last8=Brandão |first8=Andreia |last9=Fraser |first9=Ross M. |last10=Wang |first10=Tse-Yi |last11=Loo |first11=Jun-Hun |last12=Snell |first12=Christopher |last13=Ko |first13=Tsang-Ming |last14=Amorim |first14=António |last15=Pala |first15=Maria |last16=Macaulay |first16=Vincent |last17=Bulbeck |first17=David |last18=Wilson |first18=James F. |last19=Gusmão |first19=Leonor |last20=Pereira |first20=Luísa |last21=Oppenheimer |first21=Stephen |last22=Lin |first22=Marie |last23=Richards |first23=Martin B. |title=Resolving the ancestry of Austronesian-speaking populations |journal=[[Human Genetics (journal)|Human Genetics]] |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] |date=March 2016 |volume=135 |issue=3 |pages=309–326 |doi=10.1007/s00439-015-1620-z |pmc=4757630 |pmid=26781090 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The Lumad and [[Sama-Bajau]] ethnic groups have an ancestral affinity with the [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic-]] and [[Mlabri language|Mlabri-speaking]] [[Lua people|Htin]] peoples of mainland Southeast Asia. Westward expansion from [[Papua New Guinea]] to eastern Indonesia and Mindanao has been detected in the [[Blaan people]] and the [[Sangir language]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Larena |first1=Maximilian |last2=Sanchez-Quinto |first2=Federico |last3=Sjödin |first3=Per |last4=McKenna |first4=James |last5=Ebeo |first5=Carlo |last6=Reyes |first6=Rebecca |last7=Casel |first7=Ophelia |last8=Huang |first8=Jin-Yuan |last9=Hagada |first9=Kim Pullupul |last10=Guilay |first10=Dennis |last11=Reyes |first11=Jennelyn |date=March 30, 2021 |title=Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=118 |issue=13 |pages=e2026132118 |bibcode=2021PNAS..11826132L |doi=10.1073/pnas.2026132118 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=8020671 |pmid=33753512 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Immigrants arrived in the Philippines from elsewhere in the Spanish Empire, especially [[Latin American Asian|from the Spanish Americas]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mawson |first=Stephanie J. |date=June 15, 2016 |title=Convicts or Conquistadores? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth-Century Pacific |url=https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419 |journal=[[Past & Present (journal)|Past & Present]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |volume=232 |pages=87–125 |doi=10.1093/pastj/gtw008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603111934/https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419 |archive-date=June 3, 2018 |access-date=July 28, 2020 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Mehl-2016">{{cite book|last=Mehl |first=Eva Maria |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/forced-migration-in-the-spanish-pacific-world/22713BE2A688A4F8DFF62EDE85BE427E |title=Forced Migration in the Spanish Pacific World: From Mexico to the Philippines, 1765–1811 |date=2016 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, England |isbn=978-1-316-48012-0 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781316480120}}</ref>{{rp|loc={{plain link|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614082235/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/forced-migration-in-the-spanish-pacific-world/unruly-mexicans-in-manila/EF2599210A0715A5A91B23BB9D84B96C|name=Chpt. 6}}}}<ref name= "Intercolonial">{{cite book|last=Park |first=Paula C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jg5cEAAAQBAJ |title=Intercolonial Intimacies: Relinking Latin/o America to the Philippines, 1898–1964 |date=2022 |publisher=[[University of Pittsburgh Press]] |location=Pittsburgh, Pa. |isbn=978-0-8229-8873-1 |language=en |chapter=3: On the Globality of Mexico and the Manila Galleon}}</ref> A 2016 [[Geno 2.0 Next Generation|National Geographic]] project [[Genetic studies on Filipinos|concluded]] that people living in the Philippine archipelago carried [[genetic marker]]s in the following percentages: 53 percent [[Southeast Asia]] and [[Oceania]], 36 percent [[East Asia|Eastern Asia]], five percent [[Southern Europe]], three percent [[South Asia|Southern Asia]], and two percent Native American (from [[Latin America]]).<ref name="Mehl-2016" />{{rp|loc={{plain link|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614082235/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/forced-migration-in-the-spanish-pacific-world/unruly-mexicans-in-manila/EF2599210A0715A5A91B23BB9D84B96C|name=Chpt. 6}}}}<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||title=Reference Populations – Geno 2.0 Next Generation |url=https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/reference-populations-next-gen/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704204736/https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/reference-populations-next-gen/ |archive-date=July 4, 2016 |website=[[National Geographic]]}}</ref> Descendants of mixed-race couples are known as [[Filipino Mestizos|Mestizos]] or {{lang|fil|tisoy}},<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=McFerson |editor-first=Hazel M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7FPLWmaGQpEC |title=Mixed Blessing: The Impact of the American Colonial Experience on Politics and Society in the Philippines |series=Contributions in Comparative Colonial Studies |date=2002 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |location=Westport, Conn. |isbn=978-0-313-30791-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7FPLWmaGQpEC&pg=PA23 23]}}</ref> which during the [[History of the Philippines (1565–1898)|Spanish colonial times]], were mostly composed of [[Sangley|Chinese mestizos]] ({{lang|es|Mestizos de Sangley}}), [[Spanish Filipino|Spanish mestizos]] ({{lang|es|Mestizos de Español}}) and the mix thereof ({{lang|es|[[Torna atrás|tornatrás]]}}).<ref>{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |last1=Villaraza |first1=Lily Ann B. |title=Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow: A Study of Aurelio Tolentino's Articulation of Nationalism and Identity through Theatre in the Philippines during the American Colonial Period |url=https://huskiecommons.lib.niu.edu/allgraduate-thesesdissertations/6759/ |website=Huskie Commons |publisher=[[Northern Illinois University]] |access-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724162046/https://huskiecommons.lib.niu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7758&context=allgraduate-thesesdissertations |archive-date=July 24, 2023 |pages=52–54 |date=January 1, 2017 |oclc=1257957511}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web||date=December 8, 2015 |title=Sheer Realities: A Celebration of Philippine Culture |url=https://greyartgallery.nyu.edu/exhibition/sheer-realities-022300-042200/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117194046/https://greyartgallery.nyu.edu/exhibition/sheer-realities-022300-042200/ |archive-date=January 17, 2017 |access-date=March 4, 2023 |website=[[Grey Art Gallery]] |publisher=[[New York University]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Chu |first=Richard T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PRewCQAAQBAJ |title=Chinese and Chinese Mestizos of Manila: Family, Identity, and Culture, 1860s–1930s |date=January 25, 2010 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |location=Leiden, Netherlands |isbn=978-90-474-2685-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=PRewCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA240 240] |language=en}}</ref> The modern [[Chinese Filipino]]s are well-integrated into Filipino society.<ref name="Banlaoi-2009" /><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Carter |first=Lauren Louise |date=April 1995 |type=M.A. thesis |title=The ethnic Chinese variable in domestic and foreign policies in Malaysia and Indonesia |url=http://summit.sfu.ca/system/files/iritems1/6689/b1744892x.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101131721/http://summit.sfu.ca/system/files/iritems1/6689/b1744892x.pdf |archive-date=November 1, 2018 |access-date=July 16, 2020 |website=Summit Research Repository |publisher=[[Simon Fraser University]] |pages=5, 96}}</ref> Primarily the descendants of immigrants from [[Fujian]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Wong |first=Kwok-Chu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QZQ0aAAAZ4cC |title=The Chinese in the Philippine Economy, 1898–1941 |date=1999 |publisher=[[Ateneo de Manila University Press]] |location=Quezon City, Philippines |isbn=978-971-550-323-5 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QZQ0aAAAZ4cC&pg=PA15 15–16]}}</ref> the pure ethnic Chinese Filipinos during the [[History of the Philippines (1898–1946)|American colonial era]] (early 1900s) purportedly numbered about 1.35 million; while an estimated 22.8 million (around 20 percent) of Filipinos have half or partial Chinese ancestry from precolonial, colonial, and 20th century Chinese migrants.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Guanqun |first=Wang |date=August 23, 2009 |title=Chinese lunar new year might become national holiday in Philippines too |work=[[Xinhua]] |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-08/23/content_11930729.htm |access-date=February 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826194926/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-08/23/content_11930729.htm |archive-date=August 26, 2009}}</ref><ref name="senate.gov.ph">{{Cite press release |title=Senate declares Chinese New Year as special working holiday |date=January 21, 2013 |publisher=PRIB, Office of the Senate Secretary, Senate of the Philippines |url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2013/0121_prib1.asp |last1=Macrohon |first1=Pilar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516035425/http://legacy.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2013/0121_prib1.asp |archive-date=May 16, 2021}}</ref> During the Hispanic era, [[Spanish Filipino|mixed Spanish Filipinos]] made up a moderate proportion (around 5 percent) of the population who were paying tributes.<ref name="Estadismo1">[http://www.xeniaeditrice.it/zu%C3%B1igaIocrpdf.pdf ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO PRIMERO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)]</ref>{{rp|539}}<ref name="Estadismo2">[https://ia601608.us.archive.org/10/items/bub_gb_ElhFAAAAYAAJ_2/bub_gb_ElhFAAAAYAAJ.pdf ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO SEGUNDO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)]</ref>{{rp|31,54,113}} Meanwhile, [[Mexican settlement in the Philippines|a smaller proportion (2.33 percent) of the population were Latin American Filipinos]].<ref name= "Intercolonial" />{{rp|100}} Almost 300,000 [[Americans|American citizens]] live in the country {{As of|2023|lc=y}},<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||date=March 3, 2022 |title=U.S. Relations With the Philippines |url=https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-the-philippines/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207062435/https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-the-philippines/ |archive-date=February 7, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]]}}</ref> and up to 250,000 [[Amerasian]]s are scattered across the cities of [[Angeles City|Angeles]], Manila, and [[Olongapo]].<ref>{{Cite press release |title=200,000–250,000 or More Military Filipino Amerasians Alive Today in Republic of the Philippines according to USA-RP Joint Research Paper Finding |date=November 5, 2012 |url=http://amerasianresearch.org/releases/amerasianresearch-2012-09.pdf |access-date=July 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101212827/http://amerasianresearch.org/releases/amerasianresearch-2012-09.pdf |archive-date=November 1, 2013 |work=Amerasian Research Network, Ltd.}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web||type=Academic paper presented at 9th International Conference on the Philippines (ICOPHIL-9) |last1=Kutschera |first1=P. C. |last2=Caputi |first2=Marie A. |date=October 2012 |title=The Case for Categorization of Military Filipino Amerasians as Diaspora |url=http://amerasianresearch.org/pdf/ICOPHIL-9FINALFilipinoDiaspora-Kutschera-Caputi.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101213421/http://amerasianresearch.org/pdf/ICOPHIL-9FINALFilipinoDiaspora-Kutschera-Caputi.pdf |archive-date=November 1, 2013 |access-date=July 11, 2016 |publisher=[[Michigan State University]] |location=E. Lansing, Mich. |via=AmerasianResearch.org}}</ref> Other significant non-indigenous minorities include [[Indian Filipino|Indians]]<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Daboo |editor-first1=Jerri |editor-last2=Sinthuphan |editor-first2=Jirayudh |title=Mapping Migration: Culture and Identity in the Indian Diasporas of Southeast Asia and the UK |date=October 1, 2018 |publisher=[[Cambridge Scholars Publishing]] |location=Newcastle upon Tyne, England |isbn=978-1-5275-1775-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=UOpwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOpwDwAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> and [[Arabs in the Philippines|Arabs]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sevilla |first1=Henelito Jr. |title=West Asian Communities in the Philippines: An Exploratory Study of Migrant Iranians, Jews, Arabs, and Turkish |journal=Asian Studies: Journal of Critical Perspectives on Asia |publisher=[[University of the Philippines Asian Center|Asian Center, University of the Philippines Diliman]] |date=2015 |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=98, 100 |url=https://www.asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-51-1-2015/West%20Asian%20Communities%20in%20the%20Philippines%20-%20Migrant%20Iranians%20Jews%20Arabs%20and%20Turkish.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911231845/https://www.asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-51-1-2015/West%20Asian%20Communities%20in%20the%20Philippines%20-%20Migrant%20Iranians%20Jews%20Arabs%20and%20Turkish.pdf |archive-date=September 11, 2015 |access-date=April 18, 2023}}</ref> [[Japanese in the Philippines|Japanese Filipinos]] include escaped Christians ([[Kirishitan]]) who [[Martyrs of Japan|fled persecutions by Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Terpstra |editor-first1=Nicholas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8uuYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT64 |title=Global Reformations: Transforming Early Modern Religions, Societies, and Cultures |date=2019 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London, England |isbn=978-0-429-67825-7}}</ref> === Languages === {{main|Languages of the Philippines}} <!--List of top five languages ONLY is suitable for this article. The complete list is what the link to Main topic just above is for.--> [[File:Ethnolinguistic map of the Philippines.png|thumb|alt=Another color-coded map|Ethnolinguistic map|upright=1.2]] ''[[Ethnologue]]'' lists 186 languages for the Philippines, 182 of which are [[living language]]s; the other four no longer have any known speakers. Most native languages are part of the [[Philippine languages|Philippine branch]] of the [[Malayo-Polynesian languages]], which is a branch of the [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian language family]].<ref name="Ethnologue-PH">{{#invoke:cite web||date=2013 |title=Philippines |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PH |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309171641/http://www.ethnologue.com/country/PH |archive-date=March 9, 2013 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=[[Ethnologue]] |publisher=[[SIL International]] |language=en |location=Dallas, TX}}</ref> Spanish-based [[Creole language|creole]] varieties, collectively known as [[Chavacano]], are also spoken.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Asher |editor-first1=R. E. |editor-last2=Moseley |editor-first2=Christopher |title=Atlas of the World's Languages |edition=Second |date=April 19, 2018 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Florence, Ky. |isbn=978-1-317-85108-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0xWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP226 |language=en}}</ref> Many [[Philippine Negrito languages#Unique vocabulary|Philippine Negrito languages]] have unique vocabularies which survived Austronesian acculturation.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Reid |first=Lawrence A. |date=June 1, 1994 |title=Possible Non-Austronesian Lexical Elements in Philippine Negrito Languages |url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/f88d1c43-3ab9-4d31-b1ab-d717149582e8/content |journal=[[Oceanic Linguistics]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |publisher=[[University of Hawaiʻi Press]] |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=37–72 |doi=10.2307/3623000 |jstor=3623000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711143411/https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/f88d1c43-3ab9-4d31-b1ab-d717149582e8/content |archive-date=July 11, 2022 |access-date=February 18, 2023 |via=[[ScholarSpace]] |author-link1=Lawrence A. Reid|hdl=10125/32986 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> [[Filipino language|Filipino]] and [[Philippine English|English]] are the country's official languages.<ref name="GovPH-OfficialLanguage" /> Filipino, a [[Standard language|standardized version]] of [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], is spoken primarily in Metro Manila.<ref>{{cite book|last=Takacs |first=Sarolta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u1TrBgAAQBAJ |title=The Modern World: Civilizations of Africa, Civilizations of Europe, Civilizations of the Americas, Civilizations of the Middle East and Southwest Asia, Civilizations of Asia and the Pacific |date=2015 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London, England |isbn=978-1-317-45572-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=u1TrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA659 659]}}</ref> Filipino and English are used in government, education, print, broadcast media, and business, often with a third local language;<ref name="Brown-Ganguly-2003">{{cite book|editor-last1=Brown |editor-first1=Michael Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fcoDezu1ABoC |title=Fighting Words: Language Policy and Ethnic Relations in Asia |series=BCSIA Studies in International Security |editor-last2=Ganguly |editor-first2=Sumit |date=2003 |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |location=Cambridge, Mass. |isbn=978-0-262-52333-2 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=fcoDezu1ABoC&pg=PA323 323–325] |editor-link2=Sumit Ganguly}}</ref> [[code-switching]] between English and other local languages, notably [[Taglish|Tagalog]], is common.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bautista |first1=Maria Lourdes S. |title=Tagalog-English Code Switching as a Mode of Discourse |journal=Asia Pacific Education Review |date=June 2004 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=226–231 |doi=10.1007/BF03024960 |url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ720543.pdf |access-date=July 3, 2023 |publisher=Education Research Institute, [[Seoul National University]] |issn=1598-1037 |oclc=425894528 |s2cid=145684166}}</ref> The Philippine constitution provides for [[Philippine Spanish|Spanish]] and Arabic on a voluntary, optional basis.<ref name="GovPH-OfficialLanguage">{{Cite constitution |article=XIV |section=7 |polity=the Philippines |date=1987 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-xiv/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609073807/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-xiv/ |archive-date=June 9, 2017 |access-date=February 11, 2023 |website=[[Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]]}}</ref> Spanish, a widely used [[lingua franca]] during the late nineteenth century, [[Spanish language in the Philippines|has declined greatly in use]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Stewart |first=Miranda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tfaUqzf1ht8C |title=The Spanish Language Today |date=2012 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London, England |isbn=978-1-134-76548-5 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tfaUqzf1ht8C&pg=PA9 9]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Weedon |first=Alan |date=August 10, 2019 |title=The Philippines is fronting up to its Spanish heritage, and for some it's paying off |work=[[ABC News]] |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-10/inside-the-push-to-bring-back-spanish-into-the-philippines/11356590 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810044706/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-10/inside-the-push-to-bring-back-spanish-into-the-philippines/11356590 |archive-date=August 10, 2019 |access-date=March 31, 2023}}</ref> although Spanish [[loanword]]s are still present in Philippine languages.<ref>{{cite book|type=Conference proceeding |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wG08AAAAIAAJ |title=Pidginization and Creolization of Languages; Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica, April 1968 |date=1971 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, England |isbn=978-0-521-09888-5 |editor-last=Hymes |editor-first=Dell |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wG08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA223 223] |author-link1=Dell Hymes}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Aspillera |first1=Paraluman S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y8bZAwAAQBAJ |title=Basic Tagalog for Foreigners and Non-Tagalogs (with Online Audio) |edition=Revised Third |last2=Hernandez |first2=Yolanda Canseco |date=July 1, 2014 |publisher=[[Tuttle Publishing]] |location=North Clarendon, Vt. |isbn=978-1-4629-0166-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=y8bZAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT10 9] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Allan |editor-first1=Keith |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Omn6DwAAQBAJ |title=Dynamics of Language Changes: Looking Within and Across Languages |date=August 31, 2020 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-15-6430-7 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Omn6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA204 204] |language=en}}</ref> Arabic is primarily taught in [[Mindanao]] Islamic schools.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Fernandez |first=Edwin |date=August 3, 2019 |title=BME eyes to boost Islamic studies in BARMM |work=[[Philippine News Agency]] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1076859 |access-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153930/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1076859 |archive-date=July 26, 2020}}</ref> The top languages generally spoken at home {{as of|2020|lc=y}} are Tagalog, [[Binisaya]], [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]], [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]], [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]], and [[Bikol languages|Bikol]].<ref>{{cite press release |last1=Mapa |first1=Dennis S. |title=Tagalog is the Most Widely Spoken Language at Home (2020 Census of Population and Housing) |url=https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/population-and-housing/node/1684041577 |website=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]] |access-date=January 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108195246/https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/population-and-housing/node/1684041577 |archive-date=January 8, 2024 |date=March 7, 2023}}</ref> Nineteen [[List of regional languages of the Philippines|regional languages]] are auxiliary official languages as media of instruction:<ref name="GMA-DepEd-7-Languages">{{#invoke:cite news||date=July 13, 2013 |title=DepEd adds 7 languages to mother tongue-based education for Kinder to Grade 3 |language=en |work=[[GMA News Online]] |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/317280/news/nation/deped-adds-7-languages-to-mother-tongue-based-education-for-kinder-to-grade-3 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216045522/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/317280/news/nation/deped-adds-7-languages-to-mother-tongue-based-education-for-kinder-to-grade-3 |archive-date=December 16, 2013}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Aklanon language|Aklanon]] * Bikol * Cebuano * [[Chavacano]] * Hiligaynon * [[Ibanag language|Ibanag]] * Ilocano * [[Ivatan language|Ivatan]] * [[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]] * [[Karay-a language|Kinaray-a]] * [[Maguindanao language|Maguindanao]] * [[Maranao language|Maranao]] * [[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]] * [[Sambal language|Sambal]] * [[Surigaonon language|Surigaonon]] * Tagalog * [[Tausug language|Tausug]] * [[Waray language|Waray]] * [[Yakan language|Yakan]] {{div col end}} Other indigenous languages, including [[Cuyonon language|Cuyonon]], [[Ifugao language|Ifugao]], [[Itbayat language|Itbayat]], [[Kalinga language|Kalinga]], [[Kamayo language|Kamayo]], [[Kankanaey language|Kankanaey]], [[Masbateño language|Masbateño]], [[Romblomanon language|Romblomanon]], [[Manobo languages|Manobo]], and several [[Visayan languages]], are used in their respective provinces.<ref name="Ethnologue-PH" /> [[Filipino Sign Language]] is the national sign language, and the language of [[Deafness in the Philippines|deaf education]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Kabiling |first=Genalyn |date=November 12, 2018 |title=Filipino Sign Language declared as nat'l sign language of Filipino deaf |work=[[Manila Bulletin]] |url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/11/12/filipino-sign-language-declared-as-natl-sign-language-of-filipino-deaf/ |access-date=November 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112122321/https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/11/12/filipino-sign-language-declared-as-natl-sign-language-of-filipino-deaf/ |archive-date=November 12, 2018}}</ref> === Religion === {{Main|Religion in the Philippines}} [[File:Sto. Nino Basilica de Cebu from the Pligrim's Center.jpg|thumb|alt=Large crowd outside a colorfully-decorated church|Catholics attend Mass at [[Basilica del Santo Niño]] during the annual [[Sinulog]] festival in [[Cebu]].]] Although the Philippines is a [[Secularism in the Philippines|secular state]] with [[Freedom of religion in the Philippines|freedom of religion]], an overwhelming majority of Filipinos [[Importance of religion by country|consider religion very important]]<ref>{{cite report|last1=Tamir |first1=Christine |last2=Connaughton |first2=Aidan |last3=Salazar |first3=Ariana Monique |date=July 20, 2020 |title=The Global God Divide |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/07/20/the-global-god-divide/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722193955/https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/07/20/the-global-god-divide/ |archive-date=July 22, 2020 |access-date=February 18, 2023 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref> and [[Irreligion in the Philippines|irreligion]] is very low.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Bullivant |editor-first1=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=93VoAgAAQBAJ |title=The Oxford Handbook of Atheism |editor-last2=Ruse |editor-first2=Michael |date=November 21, 2013 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, England |isbn=978-0-19-166739-8 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=93VoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA563 563]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Martin |editor-first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC |title=The Cambridge Companion to Atheism |date=October 30, 2006 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, England |isbn=978-1-139-82739-3 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC&pg=PA61 61] |language=en |author-link2=Michael Ruse}}</ref><ref name="PSAGovPH-2015Census-Religion">{{cite report|publisher=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]] |url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2015%20CPH_REPORT%20NO.%202_PHILIPPINES.pdf |title=2015 Census of Population, Report No. 2 – Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics Philippines |date=June 2017 |at=Table 8: Total Population by Religious Affiliation and Sex: 2015 |issn=0117-1453 |access-date=August 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009143047/http://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2015%20CPH_REPORT%20NO.%202_PHILIPPINES.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Christianity in the Philippines|Christianity]] is the dominant religion,<ref>{{cite report|date=July 28, 2014 |title=2013 International Religious Freedom Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2013/eap/222161.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526202948/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2013/eap/222161.htm |archive-date=May 26, 2019 |access-date=July 15, 2020 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]], [[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor]]}}</ref><ref name="StateGov-ReligiousFreedom-2015">{{cite report|date=2014 |title=Philippines 2015 International Religious Freedom Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/256347.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121020127/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/256347.pdf |archive-date=January 21, 2017 |access-date=April 11, 2023 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]], [[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor]] |pages=1–2}}</ref> followed by about 89 percent of the population.<ref>{{cite report|date=June 2, 2022 |title=2021 Report on International Religious Freedom: Philippines |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-report-on-international-religious-freedom/philippines/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209100417/https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-report-on-international-religious-freedom/philippines/ |archive-date=December 9, 2022 |access-date=February 7, 2023 |website=[[United States Department of State]] |publisher=[[Office of International Religious Freedom]] |at=Section I. Religious Demography}}</ref> The country had the [[Catholic Church by country|world's third-largest Roman Catholic population]] {{as of|2013|lc=y}}, and was Asia's [[Christianity in Asia|largest Christian nation]].<ref>{{cite report|date=February 13, 2013 |title=The Global Catholic Population |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2013/02/13/the-global-catholic-population/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928103612/https://www.pewforum.org/2013/02/13/the-global-catholic-population/ |archive-date=September 28, 2013 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center|Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project]] |at=Which countries have the most Catholics now?}}</ref> Census data from [[2020 Philippine census|2020]] found that 78.8 percent of the population professed [[Catholic Church in the Philippines|Roman Catholicism]]; other Christian denominations include {{lang|tl|[[Iglesia ni Cristo]]|italic=no}}, the [[Philippine Independent Church]], and [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventistism]].<ref name="PSAGovPH-2020Census-Religion">{{Cite press release |last=Mapa |first=Dennis S. |date=February 22, 2023 |title=Religious Affiliation in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing) |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/religious-affiliation-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310184554/https://psa.gov.ph/content/religious-affiliation-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing |archive-date=March 10, 2023 |access-date=March 12, 2023 |publisher=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]]}}</ref> [[Protestantism in the Philippines|Protestants]] made up about 5% to 7% of the population in 2010.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jones |first1=Arun W. |title=Local Agency and the Reception of Protestantism in the Philippines |journal=Journal of Asian/North American Theological Educators |date=2016 |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=61 |url=http://janate.org/index.php/janate/article/download/1319/2198 |access-date=May 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109154652/http://janate.org/index.php/janate/article/download/1319/2198 |archive-date=November 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web||title=Protestant Christianity in the Philippines |url=https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/faq/protestant-christianity-philippines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421202509/https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/faq/protestant-christianity-philippines |archive-date=April 21, 2016 |access-date=February 7, 2023 |website=Religious Literacy Project |publisher=[[Harvard Divinity School]]}}</ref> The Philippines sends many [[Christian mission]]aries around the world, and is a training center for foreign priests and nuns.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=July 16, 2015 |title=Religious and lay Filipino missionaries in the world are "Christ first witnesses |language=en |work=[[AsiaNews]] |url=https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Religious-and-lay-Filipino-missionariesin-the-world-are-%E2%80%9CChrist-first-witnesses-34790.html |access-date=April 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423154532/https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Religious-and-lay-Filipino-missionariesin-the-world-are-%E2%80%9CChrist-first-witnesses-34790.html |archive-date=April 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kim |first1=Sebastian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_YAdDQAAQBAJ |title=Christianity as a World Religion: An Introduction |edition=Second |last2=Kim |first2=Kirsteen |date=November 3, 2016 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |location=London, England |isbn=978-1-4725-6936-3 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_YAdDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA70 70] |language=en |author-link1=Sebastian Kim |author-link2=Kirsteen Kim}}</ref> [[Islam in the Philippines|Islam]] is the country's second-largest religion, with 6.4 percent of the population in the 2020 census.<ref name="PSAGovPH-2020Census-Religion" /> Most Muslims live in Mindanao and nearby islands,<ref name="StateGov-ReligiousFreedom-2015" /> and most adhere to the [[Shafi'i school]] of [[Sunni Islam]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=An-Na'im |editor-first1=Abdullahi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hg0zCFM0fwkC |title=Islamic Family Law in a Changing World: A Global Resource Book |date=October 11, 2002 |publisher=[[Zed Books]] |location=London, England |isbn=978-1-84277-093-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Hg0zCFM0fwkC&pg=PA5 5]}}</ref> About 0.2 percent of the population follow [[indigenous Philippine folk religions|indigenous religions]],<ref name="PSAGovPH-2020Census-Religion" /> whose practices and folk beliefs are often [[Religious syncretism|syncretized]] with Christianity and Islam.<ref name="Rodell-2002" />{{rp|pages={{plain link|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y1CVR74_KHQC&pg=PA29|name=29–30}}}}<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Min |editor-first1=Pyong Gap |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUx7AAAAQBAJ |title=Religions in Asian America: Building Faith Communities |editor-last2=Kim |editor-first2=Jung Ha |date=2001 |publisher=[[AltaMira Press]] |location=Walnut Creek, Calif. |isbn=978-1-4616-4762-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=EUx7AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA144 144] |editor-link1=Pyong Gap Min}}</ref> [[Buddhism in the Philippines|Buddhism]] is practiced by about 0.04% of the population,<ref name="PSAGovPH-2020Census-Religion" /> primarily by Filipinos of Chinese descent.<ref>{{cite book|last=Yu |first=Jose Vidamor B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4WqAOKb5c8C |title=Inculturation of Filipino-Chinese Culture Mentality |series=Interreligious and Intercultural Investigations |volume=3 |date=2000 |publisher=[[Pontificia Università Gregoriana]] |location=Rome, Italy |isbn=978-88-7652-848-4 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=c4WqAOKb5c8C&pg=PA87 87–88]}}</ref> === Health === {{Main|Health in the Philippines}} [[File:Life expectancy in the Philippines.svg|thumb|alt=A steadily-rising graph until the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020|Life expectancy in the Philippines, 1938–2021]] [[Health care in the Philippines]] is provided by the national and local governments, although private payments account for most healthcare spending.<ref name="DOH-2018">{{cite report|date=2018 |title=National Objectives for Health Philippines, 2017–2022 |url=https://www.doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/health_magazine/NOH-2017-2022-030619-1(1)_0.pdf |journal=National Objectives for Health |location=Manila, Philippines |publisher=Health Policy Development and Planning Bureau, [[Department of Health (Philippines)|Department of Health]] |issn=1908-6768 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913150355/https://www.doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/health_magazine/NOH-2017-2022-030619-1%281%29_0.pdf |archive-date=September 13, 2020 |access-date=September 13, 2020}}</ref>{{rp|pages=25–27}}<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Ordinario |first=Cai |date=October 26, 2018 |title=Out-of-pocket health expense of Pinoys rose in 2017–PSA |work=[[BusinessMirror]] |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/10/26/out-of-pocket-health-expense-of-pinoys-rose-in-2017-psa/ |access-date=April 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728061056/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/10/26/out-of-pocket-health-expense-of-pinoys-rose-in-2017-psa/ |archive-date=July 28, 2020}}</ref> Per-capita health expenditure in 2022 was {{Philippine peso|10,059.49|link=yes}} and health expenditures were 5.5 percent of the country's GDP.<ref>{{cite press release |title=The Country's Total Health Spending Contributes 5.5 Percent to the Economy in 2022 |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/countrys-total-health-spending-contributes-55-percent-economy-2022 |access-date=August 30, 2023 |publisher=[[Philippine Statistics Authority|PSA]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901100356/https://psa.gov.ph/content/countrys-total-health-spending-contributes-55-percent-economy-2022 |archive-date=September 1, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> The 2023 budget allocation for healthcare was {{currency|334.9 billion|PHP|linked=no|passthrough=yes}}.<ref name="OneNews-MarcosSigns2023Budget" /> The 2019 enactment of the [[universal health care|Universal Health Care Act]] by President Duterte facilitated the automatic enrollment of all Filipinos in the [[Philippine Health Insurance Corporation|national health insurance program]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=de Vera |first=Ben O. |date=March 21, 2022 |title=Gov't subsidy to PhilHealth hits record-high in 2022 |language=en |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://business.inquirer.net/343893/govt-subsidy-to-philhealth-hits-record-high-in-2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321033643/https://business.inquirer.net/343893/govt-subsidy-to-philhealth-hits-record-high-in-2022 |archive-date=March 21, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=March 14, 2019 |title=UHC Act in the Philippines: a new dawn for health care |work=[[World Health Organization]] |url=https://www.who.int/philippines/news/feature-stories/detail/uhc-act-in-the-philippines-a-new-dawn-for-health-care |access-date=July 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329031526/https://www.who.int/philippines/news/feature-stories/detail/uhc-act-in-the-philippines-a-new-dawn-for-health-care |archive-date=March 29, 2019}}</ref> Since 2018, [[Malasakit Center]]s (one-stop shops) have been set up in several government-operated hospitals to provide medical and financial assistance to indigent patients.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Ismael |first=Javier Joe |date=March 4, 2022 |title=151st Malasakit Center inaugurated in Quirino |language=en |work=[[The Manila Times]] |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/03/04/news/regions/151st-malasakit-center-inaugurated-in-quirino/1834988 |access-date=May 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305120759/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/03/04/news/regions/151st-malasakit-center-inaugurated-in-quirino/1834988 |archive-date=March 5, 2022}}</ref> Average life expectancy in the Philippines {{as of|2023|lc=y}} is 70.48 years (66.97 years for males, and 74.15 years for females).<ref name="CIAWorldFactBook" /> Access to medicine has improved due to increasing Filipino acceptance of [[generic drug]]s.<ref name="DOH-2018" />{{rp|page=58}} The country's leading causes of death in 2021 were [[ischaemic heart diseases]], [[cerebrovascular disease]]s, [[COVID-19]], [[neoplasm]]s, and [[diabetes]].<ref>{{cite report|last1=Mapa |first1=Dennis S. |title=Registered Deaths in the Philippines, 2021 |url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/crd/specialrelease/SR%20Death%20Statistics%202021_0.pdf |publisher=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]] |access-date=May 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324134007/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/crd/specialrelease/SR%20Death%20Statistics%202021_0.pdf |archive-date=March 24, 2023 |page=6 |date=February 22, 2023}}</ref> [[Communicable disease]]s are correlated with natural disasters, primarily floods.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Salazar |first1=Miguel Antonio |last2=Pesigan |first2=Arturo |last3=Law |first3=Ronald |last4=Winkler |first4=Volker |date=December 1, 2016 |title=Post-disaster health impact of natural hazards in the Philippines in 2013 |journal=[[Global Health Action]] |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=31320 |doi=10.3402/gha.v9.31320 |pmc=4871893 |pmid=27193265 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The Philippines has 1,387 [[List of hospitals in the Philippines|hospitals]], 33 percent of which are government-run; 23,281 barangay health stations, 2,592 rural health units, 2,411 [[Birthing center|birthing home]]s, and 659 infirmaries provide primary care throughout the country.<ref name="RVONL-HealthCare-2021">{{cite report|author1=Orange Health Consultants |title=Health Care in the Philippines |url=https://www.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/2021/06/Healthcare-in-The-Philippines.pdf |publisher=Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) |access-date=March 17, 2023 |location=Rotterdam, Netherlands |date=April 2021 |at=Organization of the health care system |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017093201/https://www.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/2021/06/Healthcare-in-The-Philippines.pdf |archive-date=October 17, 2021}}</ref> Since 1967, the Philippines had become the largest global supplier of nurses;<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Cachero |first=Paulina |date=May 30, 2021 |title=How Filipino Nurses Have Propped Up America's Medical System |url=https://time.com/6051754/history-filipino-nurses-us/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210530110820/https://time.com/6051754/history-filipino-nurses-us/ |archive-date=May 30, 2021 |access-date=November 11, 2022}}</ref> seventy percent of [[Nursing in the Philippines|nursing graduates]] go overseas to work, causing problems in retaining skilled practitioners.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lorenzo |first1=Fely Marilyn |last2=Galvez-Tan |first2=Jaime |last3=Icamina |first3=Kriselle |last4=Javier |first4=Lara |year=2007 |title=Nurse Migration from a Source Country Perspective: Philippine Country Case Study |journal=[[Health Services Research (journal)|Health Services Research]] |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell Publishing]] |volume=42 |issue=3 (pt 2) |pages=1406–1418 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-6773.2007.00716.x |pmc=1955369 |pmid=17489922}}</ref> === Education === {{Main|Education in the Philippines}} {{Further|Higher education in the Philippines}} [[File:Main Bulding of the University of Santo Tomas.jpg|thumb|alt=Front of a very old building|Founded in 1611, the [[University of Santo Tomas]] is Asia's oldest extant university.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Kent |editor-first1=Allen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_faTic0w7sMC |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science |volume=42 – Supplement 7: The Albert I Royal Library to The United Nations Bibliographic Information System (UNBIS) |edition=1st |date=February 26, 1987 |title=Asia, Libraries in |publisher=[[Marcel Dekker]] |location=New York, N.Y. |isbn=978-0-8247-2042-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_faTic0w7sMC&pg=PA74 74] |language=en}}</ref>]] Primary and secondary schooling in the Philippines consists of six years of elementary period, four years of junior high school, and two years of senior high school.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=San Pedro |first=Dexter |date=May 15, 2013 |title=Aquino signs K–12 enhanced basic education law |work=[[InterAksyon]] |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/61826/aquino-signs-k-12-enhanced-basic-education-law |access-date=September 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614003442/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/61826/aquino-signs-k-12-enhanced-basic-education-law |archive-date=June 14, 2013}}</ref> Public education, provided by the government, is free at the elementary and secondary levels and at [[Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act|most public higher-education institutions]].<ref name="OECD-2017May">{{cite book|last1=OECD |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_WSQDwAAQBAJ |title=Interrelations between Public Policies, Migration and Development in the Philippines |series=OECD Development Pathways |last2=Scalabrini Migration Center |date=2017 |publisher=[[OECD Publishing]] |location=Paris, France |isbn=978-92-64-27228-6 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_WSQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA138 138–139] |language=en |author-link=OECD}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=August 4, 2017 |title=Duterte signs into law bill granting free tuition in SUCs |language=en |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/920306/breaking-duterte-signs-law-granting-free-tuition-in-sucs |access-date=February 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804035732/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/920306/breaking-duterte-signs-law-granting-free-tuition-in-sucs |archive-date=August 4, 2017}}</ref> [[Philippine Science High School System|Science high schools]] for talented students were established in 1963.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Nagao |editor-first1=Masafumi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqpGsyqHez4C |title=Mathematics and Science Education in Developing Countries: Issues, Experiences, and Cooperation Prospects |editor-last2=Rogan |editor-first2=John M. |editor-last3=Magno |editor-first3=Marcelita Coronel |date=2007 |publisher=[[University of the Philippines Press]] |location=Quezon City, Philippines |isbn=978-971-542-533-9 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TqpGsyqHez4C&pg=PA31 31] |language=en}}</ref> The government provides technical-vocational training and development through the [[Technical Education and Skills Development Authority]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wu |first1=Qiuchen |last2=Bai |first2=Bin |last3=Zhu |first3=Xiaolin |title=Vocational Education and Training in ASEAN Member States |editor-last1=Bai |editor-first1=Bin |editor-last2=Paryono |series=Perspectives on Rethinking and Reforming Education |date=April 2019 |chapter=Technical and Vocational Education and Training in the Philippines: Development and Status Quo |pages=155, 158 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-13-6616-1 |doi=10.1007/978-981-13-6617-8_7 |s2cid=159328746 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332405242 |access-date=May 10, 2023 |via=[[ResearchGate]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230510100846/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332405242_Technical_and_Vocational_Education_and_Training_in_the_Philippines_Development_and_Status_Quo |archive-date=May 10, 2023}}</ref> In 2004, the government began offering [[Alternative Learning System (Philippines)|alternative education]] to out-of-school children, youth, and adults to improve literacy;<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Mooney |editor-first1=Thomas Brian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQNAAAAAQBAJ |title=Aquinas, Education and the East |series=Sophia Studies in Cross-cultural Philosophy of Traditions and Cultures |editor-last2=Nowacki |editor-first2=Mark |date= 2013 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |location=Dordrecht, Netherlands |isbn=978-94-007-5261-0 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=HQNAAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA185 185] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |date=June 9, 2022 |title=DepEd, UNICEF strengthen Alternative Learning System toward quality, relevant second chance basic education |language=en |work=[[UNICEF]] |url=https://www.unicef.org/philippines/press-releases/deped-unicef-strengthen-alternative-learning-system-toward-quality-relevant-second |access-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230222171030/https://www.unicef.org/philippines/press-releases/deped-unicef-strengthen-alternative-learning-system-toward-quality-relevant-second |archive-date=February 22, 2023}}</ref> [[madrasa|madaris]] were mainstreamed in 16 regions that year, primarily in Mindanao Muslim areas under the [[Department of Education (Philippines)|Department of Education]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Esplanada |first=Jerry E. |date=July 20, 2009 |title=Mainstreaming Madrasa |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/learning/view/20090720-216304/Mainstreaming-Madrasa |access-date=September 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724102132/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/learning/view/20090720-216304/Mainstreaming-Madrasa |archive-date=July 24, 2014}}</ref> [[List of Catholic universities and colleges in the Philippines|Catholic schools]], which number more than 1,500,<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.ceap.org.ph/who-we-are/about-ceap |website=Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines |access-date=March 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203064402/https://www.ceap.org.ph/who-we-are/about-ceap |archive-date=December 3, 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> and higher education institutions are an integral part of the educational system.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Peters |editor-first1=Michael A. |last1=Aguas |first1=Jove Jim S. |title=Encyclopedia of Teacher Education |date=2019 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-13-1179-6 |url=https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-981-13-1179-6_147-1 |access-date=March 24, 2024 |language=en |chapter=Catholic Education in the Philippines |pages=1–7 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/50848177 |doi=10.1007/978-981-13-1179-6_147-1 |editor-link1=Michael Peters (education academic) |via=[[Academia.edu]]}}</ref> The Philippines has [[List of colleges and universities in the Philippines|1,975 higher education institutions]] {{as of|2019|lc=y}}, of which 246 are public and 1,729 are private.<ref>{{cite report|title=Table 2. Distribution of Higher Education Institutions by Region and Sector: AY 2019–20 |url=https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Distribution-of-Higher-Education-Institutions-by-Region-and-Sector-AY-2019-20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728115539/https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Distribution-of-Higher-Education-Institutions-by-Region-and-Sector-AY-2019-20.pdf |archive-date=July 28, 2021 |access-date=January 12, 2022 |publisher=[[Commission on Higher Education (Philippines)|Commission on Higher Education]]}}</ref> Public universities are non-sectarian, and are primarily classified as [[List of state schools, colleges and universities in the Philippines|state-administered]] or [[Local colleges and universities (Philippines)|local government-funded]].<ref>{{cite report|title=New measures support university and technical students in the Philippines – Asia 2019 |url=https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/philippines/2019-report/economy/working-the-plan-five-years-into-basic-education-reform-programme-rollout-shifts-to-supporting-university-and-technical-school-students |publisher=Oxford Business Group |access-date=March 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319071934/https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/philippines/2019-report/economy/working-the-plan-five-years-into-basic-education-reform-programme-rollout-shifts-to-supporting-university-and-technical-school-students |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |at=Sector Structure |date=September 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Ness |editor-first1=Daniel |editor-last2=Lin |editor-first2=Chia-Ling |encyclopedia=International Education: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Issues and Systems |volume=1–2 |date=March 17, 2015 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon, Oxon, England |isbn=978-1-317-46751-9 |title=Philippines |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=F_FnBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA459 459] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_FnBwAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> The [[national university]] is the eight-school [[University of the Philippines]] (UP) system.<ref>{{Cite PH act |title=The University of the Philippines Charter of 2008 |chamber=RA |number=9500 |date=April 19, 2008 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2008/04/19/republic-act-no-9500/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830074039/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2008/04/19/republic-act-no-9500/ |archive-date=August 30, 2018 |access-date=February 6, 2023 |publisher=[[Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]] |location=Metro Manila, Philippines}}</ref> The country's top-ranked universities are the [[UP Diliman]], [[Ateneo de Manila University]], [[De La Salle University]], and [[University of Santo Tomas]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Krishna |editor-first=V. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNguDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT328 |title=Universities in the National Innovation Systems: Experiences from the Asia-Pacific |date=2017 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London, England |isbn=978-1-351-61900-4 |page=328}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web||date=2023 |title=QS Asia University Rankings 2023 |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/asia-university-rankings/2023 |access-date=March 25, 2024 |website=[[QS World University Rankings]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web||date=2020 |title=World University Rankings 2020 |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2020/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/locations/PH/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats |website=[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]]}}</ref> {{as of|2019|alt=In 2019}}, the Philippines had a basic [[literacy]] rate of 93.8 percent of those five years old or older,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Hernandez |first=Jobo E. |date=October 29, 2020 |title=Literacy rate estimated at 93.8% among 5 year olds or older — PSA |work=[[BusinessWorld]] |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/economy/2020/10/29/325932/literacy-rate-estimated-at-93-8-among-5-year-olds-or-older-psa/ |access-date=November 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111071307/https://www.bworldonline.com/economy/2020/10/29/325932/literacy-rate-estimated-at-93-8-among-5-year-olds-or-older-psa/ |archive-date=November 11, 2022}}</ref> and a [[functional illiteracy|functional literacy]] rate of 91.6 percent of those aged 10 to 64.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Talavera |first=Catherine |date=December 14, 2020 |title=Functional literacy rate improves in 2019 – PSA |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/12/14/2063627/functional-literacy-rate-improves-2019-psa |access-date=November 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214020049/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/12/14/2063627/functional-literacy-rate-improves-2019-psa |archive-date=December 14, 2020}}</ref> Education, a significant proportion of the national budget, was allocated {{currency|900.9 billion|PHP|linked=no|passthrough=yes}} from the {{currency|5.268 trillion|PHP|linked=no|passthrough=yes}} 2023 budget.<ref name="OneNews-MarcosSigns2023Budget">{{#invoke:cite news||last=Flores |first=Helen |date=December 17, 2022 |title=Marcos Signs P5.268-Trillion National Budget For 2023 |work=[[One News (TV channel)|OneNews]] |url=https://www.onenews.ph/articles/marcos-signs-p5-268-trillion-national-budget-for-2023 |access-date=February 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217155623/https://www.onenews.ph/articles/marcos-signs-p5-268-trillion-national-budget-for-2023 |archive-date=December 17, 2022}}</ref> {{as of|2023}}, the country has 1,640 [[public libraries]] affiliated with the [[National Library of the Philippines]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||title=Statistical Number of Affiliated Public Libraries |url=http://web.nlp.gov.ph/nlp/?q=node/10266 |website=[[National Library of the Philippines]] |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230725004228/http://web.nlp.gov.ph/nlp/?q=node/10266 |archive-date=July 25, 2023}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page