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Do not fill this in! ==Medical research== Glossolalia is classified as a non-neurogenic language disorder.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mendez|first=Mario F.|date=2018-01-01|title=Non-Neurogenic Language Disorders: A Preliminary Classification|journal=Psychosomatics|volume=59|issue=1|pages=28β35|doi=10.1016/j.psym.2017.08.006|issn=0033-3182|pmc=5748000|pmid=28911819}}</ref> Most people exhibiting glossolalia do not have a [[Mental disorder|neuropsychiatric disorder]].<ref name=":1" /> [[Neuroimaging]] of brain activity during glossolalia does not show activity in the language areas of the brain.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Newberg|first1=Andrew B.|last2=Wintering|first2=Nancy A.|last3=Morgan|first3=Donna|last4=Waldman|first4=Mark R.|date=2006-11-22|title=The measurement of regional cerebral blood flow during glossolalia: A preliminary SPECT study|journal=Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging|volume=148|issue=1|pages=67β71|doi=10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.07.001|pmid=17046214|s2cid=17079826|issn=0925-4927}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/news-releases/2006/october/language-center-of-the-brain-i|title=Language Center of the Brain Is Not Under the Control of Subjects Who "Speak in Tongues" β PR News|website=www.pennmedicine.org|access-date=January 15, 2019}}</ref> In other words, it may be characterized by a specific brain activity<ref name="Am J Speech Lang Patho_24_4_2015">{{cite journal|first1=Ray D.|last1= Kent|title=Nonspeech Oral Movements and Oral Motor Disorders: A Narrative Review|journal=Am J Speech Lang Pathol|date=November 1, 2015|volume= 24|issue=4|pages=763β789|pmc=4698470|pmid= 26126128|doi=10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0179|issn=1058-0360|oclc=8146899752}} (at Appendix A)</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Cave |first1=David Sachs |last2=Norris|first2= Rebecca|url=https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/45980|title=Religion and the Body. Modern Science and the Construction of Religious Meaning|doi=10.1163/9789004225343|publisher=Brill|year=2012|hdl=20.500.12657/45980 |isbn=9789004225343 |access-date=April 16, 2021|oclc= 1238010307}}</ref> and it can be a learned behaviour.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Spanos, N. P.|author2= Cross, W. P.|author3= Lepage, M.|author4= Coristine, M|url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1986-17424-001|title=Glossolalia as learned behavior: An experimental demonstration|journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology|year= 1986|volume= 95|issue=1|pages= 21β23|doi=10.1037/0021-843X.95.1.21|pmid= 3700843|oclc=4644067946|issn=0021-843X}}</ref><ref name="Am J Speech Lang Patho_24_4_2015" /> A 1973 experimental study highlighted the existence of two basic types of glossolalia: a static form which tends to a somewhat [[Repetition compulsion|coaction to repetitiveness]] and a more dynamic one which tends to [[Free association (psychology)|free association]] of speech-like elements.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=H A Osser |author2=P F Ostwald |author3=B Macwhinney |author4= R L Casey |title=Glossolalic speech from a psycholinguistic perspective |journal=J Psycholinguist Res |date=March 1, 1973 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=9β19 |doi=10.1007/BF01067109 |pmid=24197793 |s2cid=36005466 |issn=0090-6905 |oclc=4664154487}}</ref><ref name="Am J Speech Lang Patho_24_4_2015" /> A study done by the ''American Journal of Human Biology'' found that speaking in tongues is associated with both a reduction in circulatory cortisol, and enhancements in alpha-amylase enzyme activity{{snd}}two common biomarkers of stress reduction that can be measured in saliva.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lynn|first1=Christopher Dana|last2=Paris|first2=Jason|last3=Frye |first3=Cheryl Anne|last4=Schell|first4=Lawrence M.|date=2010|title=Salivary Alpha-Amylase and Cortisol Among Pentecostals on a Worship and Nonworship Day|journal=American Journal of Human Biology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=819β822|doi=10.1002/ajhb.21088|issn=1042-0533|pmc=3609410|pmid=20878966}}</ref> Several sociological studies report various social benefits of engaging in Pentecostal glossolalia,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Culture and personality aspects of the Pentecostal holiness religion|last=Wood|first=William W.|date=1965|publisher=Mouton (IS) |oclc=797731718}}{{page needed|date=June 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Hine|first=Virginia H.|date=1969|title=Pentecostal Glossolalia toward a Functional Interpretation|journal=Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion|volume=8|issue=2|pages=211β226|doi=10.2307/1384335|issn=0021-8294|jstor=1384335}}</ref> such as an increase in self-confidence.<ref name=":0" /> As of April 2021, further studies are needed to corroborate the 1980s view of glossolaly with more sensitive measures of outcome, by using the more recent techniques of neuroimaging.<ref name="Am J Speech Lang Patho_24_4_2015" /> {{better source needed|date=January 2022}} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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